武昌起义后清廷组编新军三军考略  

A Study of the Three New Armies Established by the Qing Government after the Wuchang Uprising

作　　者：张华腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第1期98-113,共16页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(09BZS029)

摘　　要：武昌起义后,清廷为了镇压革命,在军事方面作出了迅速反应,将新军精锐组编为三军,以第一军南下前线,第二军作为预备,随时听从调遣,第三军守卫京师。但是在实际的军事行动中,这项决策并未得到贯彻,尤其是关键的第二军由于种种原因并未组成,更没有开拔到武汉前线,在前线作战的主要是新军第一军,这就造成武汉前线清军兵力之不足,在军事上没有绝对的优势。从战略上说,没有第二军的配合,第一军便处于非常孤立的地位。第二军没有开赴前线,影响了军事统帅袁世凯的战略思维,由原来极力镇压革命党,逐渐变为以抚为主,以剿为辅,最后与革命党进行南北和谈。第二军没有开赴前线,是清政府的一大军事失误,影响了辛亥革命之结局。第二军被限制在北方,无法开赴前线的事实,折射出北方立宪党人的努力,客观上配合了武汉战场。After the Wuchang Uprising, the Qing government, in its military response, quickly divided its best - equipped army into three armies in order to suppress the revolution. It hoped that the first army could head south and fight on the front line, that the second army could serve as a preparatory force to answer to urgent assignments, and that the third army could protect the capital. However, in the real practice, this military decision was never completely executed. Due to vari- ous reasons, the second army was never established and was never sent to the front line in Wuhan. It was mainly the new first army that was fighting in the front line. The Qing government did not have enough forces on the front line, Wuhan, de- priving it of any military advantages. Strategically, without the help of the second army, the first army was greatly isolated. The absence of the second army from the front line had some impacts on the strategic decision of the Military Commander, Yuan Shikai. His strategy at first was to suppress the revolutionaries, which was then only to become a strategy to appease, rather than eradicate, the revolutionaries, and finally to have a North - South peace talk with the revolutionaries. The sec- ond army~ not being sent to the front line was a great military mistake for the Qing government, affecting the result of the Xinhai Revolution. The fact that the second army was limited to the north and was not able to be sent to the front line shows indirectly the efforts of the Constitutionalists in the north, which objectively helped the revolutionaries on the Wuhan battlefield.

关 键 词：武昌起义 清廷 新军三军 袁世凯 

分 类 号：E295[军事—军事理论] K249[历史地理—历史学]