正电子湮没寿命谱技术应用于聚合物微观结构研究的进展  

Recent Advances in Application of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy for Polymer Microstructure Analysis

作　　者：廖霞[1] 张琼文[1] 何汀[1] 安竹[2] 杨其[1] 李光宪[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学高分子科学与工程学院高分子材料工程国家重点实验室 [2]四川大学原子核科学技术研究所辐射物理及技术教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2014年第2期198-204,共7页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51133005;51121001;51103091);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20120181130013;20110181110029)

摘　　要：聚合物的晶区堆砌密度、无定形区自由体积的尺寸和数量、晶区-非晶区的界面等微观结构,对其宏观性能,如渗透性能、力学性能、松弛行为等有重要影响。正电子湮没寿命谱技术是一种强有力的微观结构探测与表征技术,能够灵敏有效地探测聚合物的晶区堆砌密度、无定形区自由体积以及两相界面等信息,从而提供了一种直接、简单的研究聚合物微观结构的途径。文中介绍了该技术的基本原理和应用理论,综述了该技术在聚合物研究领域的应用,如:聚合物本征特性与自由体积之间的关系,应力、辐照、外界压力、物理老化等外界因素对聚合物微观结构的影响,以及聚合物共混物、复合材料的相容性和界面特性等。最后总结了正电子湮没寿命谱技术在聚合物微观结构研究中存在的问题。The polymer microstructures, including molecular packing coefficient in crystalline phase, free volume in amorphous phase and interface of the two phases, affect the various properties of polymer such as permeability, mechanical property and relaxation behavior. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy （PALS） is a powerful and sensitive microanalytical probe for characterization of polymer microstructure. As PALS can provide information of crystalline packing coefficient, size and number of free volume and interface of the two phases, it is an effective method for the investigation of the relationship between microstructure and properties of polymer. In this review, the fundamental principle and theory of PALS as well as its applications in polymer research, such as the relationship between free volume and polymer structure, the changes of the polymer microstructure under external factors, compatibility and interface characteristics of polymer blends and composites were introduced. The present problems for PALS in polymer microstructure investigation needing to be solved were summarized.

关 键 词：正电子湮没寿命谱 聚合物 自由体积 微观结构 

分 类 号：O631.13[理学—高分子化学]