交会对接任务轨道控制规划设计与实施  

Design and Implementation of Orbit Maneuver Programming in Rendezvous and Docking Missions

作　　者：李革非[1,2] 宋军[1] 刘成军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航天飞行控制中心,北京100094 [2]航天飞行动力学技术重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2014年第1期1-8,共8页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：国家863计划(2011AA7042017)

摘　　要：针对我国空间交会对接轨道控制规划技术,研究了轨道交会优化、应急轨道控制、安全轨道防护和发射窗口规划等一系列关键问题。设计了全寿命周期交会对接任务轨道控制规划方案,从目标飞行器发射到飞船返回,对轨道控制进行了全程协同、全局优化。设计了相位、高度、圆化度多目标融合控制算法;建立了规划变量对远距离导引终点六自由度的独立控制方程;设计了标称整体规划与动态逐级规划相结合的多模式规划策略;基于导引终点整体调整和局部调整的方式,实现了正常和应急条件下天地导引交接点的动态规划;提出了基于飞行控制过程建模的导引终点精度分析方法,确定了地面导引向自主导引切换的关键判据;建立了多约束交会对接发射窗口模型,构建了多任务多年度发射窗口集合。交会对接轨道控制规划技术成功应用于神舟八号、神舟九号和神舟十号交会对接任务。Aiming at the orbit maneuver programming technique for China＇s rendezvous and docking mission, a series of significant issues concerning the orbit rendezvous optimization, emergency orbit maneuver, safety orbit protection and launch window scheme were studied in this papar. The schemes of orbit maneuvers programming from the launch of the target vehicle to the return of the chase spaeecraftwere designed and the orbit maneuvers were coordinated and optimized during the full life-span of RVD. The multi-object syncretized control algotithm for orbit＇s phase, height and eccentricity was proposed. The orbit maneuver variables＇ independence control equations were estab- lished for the far-distance rendezvous 6-dimension endpoints. With the combination of normal whole programming and dynamic step programming, multi-mode orbit rendezvous strategies were planned. Based on the overall adjustment and partial adjustment of the guiding endpoint, normal and emer- gency rendezvous endpoints were achieved dynamiclly. The analysis method for the rendezvous end- point accuracy was proposed based on RVD flight control process modeling and the key criterion for the switch of the ground guiding to the self-determination guiding was determined. Multi-restriction RVD launch window model was established and the RVD launch window for multi-mission and multi- year aggregations are constituted. The orbit maneuver programming techniques were successfully ap- plied in SZ-8 ＆ SZ-9 ＆ SZ-IO RVD missions.

关 键 词：交会对接 轨道控制 导引终点 安全轨道 发射窗口 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] V526