丹江口库区水牛洼旧石器遗址发掘简报  

A Preliminary Report on the Excavation of the Shuiniuwa Paleolithic Site in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region

作　　者：陈全家[1] 陈晓颖 方启[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,长春130012 [2]广西壮族自治区文物考古研究所,南宁530000

出　　处：《人类学学报》2014年第1期27-38,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-QN110;KZCX2-YW-Q1-04);科技部科技基础性工作专项基金(2007FY110200);吉林大学2011年基本科研业务费青年科研骨干培育计划(2011QG007);中国博士后科学基金(20110491309)

摘　　要：水牛洼遗址位于湖北省丹江口市均县镇关门岩村，是汉水流域一处同时具有旧石器早期与晚期文化层的重要遗址。2010年3-4月间，吉林大学边疆考古研究中心对该遗址进行了发掘，揭露面积675m^2，共获石制品301件，类型包括石核、石片、断块及工具等。地貌和地层对比显示，遗址年代大致为中更新世至晚更新世晚期。遗址可分为上、下两个文化层。上文化层出土石制品246件，属晚更新世；下文化层出土石制品55件，处于中更新世。下文化层石制品特点显示了中国南方砾石石器工业的特点，而上文化层却出现了中国北方石片石器工业的文化因素。The Shuiniuwa Paleolithic site, buried in the third terrace of the left bank of the Hanshui River, is located in the Guanmenyan village, Juxian County, Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province. The site was excavated from March to April 2010, with scholars from the Research Center of Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, as a salvageable archaeological project due to the construction of the Danjiangkou Reservoir dam. The excavation exposed an area of about 675m^2. Four stratigraphic layers of the third terrace were identified at the site, with the total thickness of more than 1.2 meters. Archaeological materials were mainly unearthed from the 2^nd and 3^rd layers, two layers of brown-yellow clay and red-brown clay. A total of 301 stone artifacts were unearthed. The stone assemblage includes cores （N=13）, flakes （N=43）, chunks （N=162）, pebbles （N=2） and retouched tools （N=83）. General features of these artifacts from the two excavation areas are summarized as follows： 1） Lithic raw materials were locally available from ancient riverbeds, including quartz and hornfel. 2） The principal flaking technique was direct hammer percussion without core preparation, followed by bipolar technique. 3） Most stone artifacts were small and medium in size. 4） Most blanks for tool fabrication were flakes. Several retouched tool types were identified, including scrapers, borers, burins, chopper and a polishing tool in the upper cultural layer, and scrapers, hand axes and choppers in the lower cultural layer. 5） Modified tools appeared to be retouched by direct hammer percussion, mostly bificially retouched on one end of the blank. 6） The miniaturization trend of retouched tools was noted. It can be inferred from the excavation that the stone assemblage shows close relationship with the Pebble Tool Industry （Main Industry） in South China, but bears characteristics of the Flake Tool Industry of North China. Geomorphological and chronological comparison of the upper reaches of the Hanshui River v

关 键 词：石制品 水牛洼 丹江口库区 中更新世 晚更新世晚期 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]