甘蓝型油菜黄化突变体的叶绿体超微结构、气孔特征参数及光合特性  

Analysis of Chloroplast Ultrastructure, Stomatal Characteristic Parameters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of ChlorophyllReduced Mutant in Brassica napus L.

作　　者：肖华贵[1,2] 杨焕文[1] 饶勇 杨斌 朱英 张文龙[4] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,昆明650201 [2]贵州省油料研究所,贵阳550006 [3]贵州省生物技术研究所,贵阳550006 [4]贵阳中医学院,贵阳550002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第4期715-727,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2011AA10A104);国家油菜产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-13)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示甘蓝型油菜自发黄化突变体NY的叶绿体超微结构、气孔特征参数与光合色素含量及光合特性之间的关系,为探讨突变材料的黄化机理和在育种实践上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以突变体NY及其野生型NG,及组配的F1(NY×NG)、rF1(NG×NY)为研究材料,进行五叶期心叶和平展叶的叶绿体超微结构观察、气孔特征参数调查、光合色素含量测定、光合特性测定及农艺性状考察。【结果】突变体NY黄化心叶和黄绿平展叶的叶绿体发育程度均差于野生型NG及F1、rF1;NY黄化心叶下表皮气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数较NG少40%左右,黄绿平展叶中数目与NG等相近;NY的Chla、Chlb、Chl(a+b)、Car含量及组成,净光合速率均显著低于同时期NG及F1、rF1;NY生育期推迟,经济性状变差,单株籽粒产量下降,但组配F1和rF1的农艺性状和光合特性均能恢复至正常水平。【结论】黄化突变体NY是叶绿体结构发育缺陷所导致的缺总叶绿素型突变体,其叶绿体结构发育异常,基粒和基粒片层数的减少致使叶绿素含量过低,是其光合速率较低和农艺性状较差的主要原因。【Objective】In order to discuss the yellowing mechanism and provide a theoretical basis in rape breeding practice,the relationship between chloroplast ultrastructure,stomatal characteristic parameters,photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic characteristics of the spontaneous chlorophyll-reduced mutant NY in B.napus L.were studied.【Method】Taking the rape mutant NY,wild type NG,F1（NY×NG） and rF1（NG×NY） as research materials,the heart-leaf and the flatten-leaf at five-leaf stage were used for chloroplast ultrastructure observation,stomatal characteristic parameters investigation,photosynthetic pigment content determination,photosynthetic characteristics measurement and agronomic traits investigation.【Result】In general,the chloroplast development degree in yellow heart-leaf and yellow-green flatten-leaf from mutant NY was worse than that of wild type NG,F1（NY×NG） and rF1（NG×NY） from chloroplast ultrastructure;the chloroplast numbers of heart-leaf in a lower epidermis stoma guard cell from mutant NY was decreased about 40%,whereas the number in yellow-green flatten-leaf was close to that of the wild-type NG in stomatal characteristic parameters;the Chla,Chlb,Chl（a＋b）,carotenoids and the net photosynthetic rate of mutant were significantly lower than those of the same period of wild-type and F1,rF1in content and composition of photosynthetic pigment as well as photosynthetic characteristics.Correspondingly,the growth period delayed,economic traits deteriorated and grain yield per plant decreased,which happened in the mutant,but the above agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics from F 1 and rF 1 were restored to normal levels.【Conclusion】The mutant NY is one of total chlorophyll deficiency type caused by chloroplast structure developmental defects.Abnormal chloroplast structure,less grana and grana lamella and lower chlorophyll content are main reasons for mutant lower net photosynthetic rates and worst agronomic traits.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 黄化突变体 叶绿体超微结构 气孔特征参数 光合色素含量 光合特性 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]