Responses of Crop Yields and Soil Fertility to Long-term Nutrient Lacking  

作物产量和土壤肥力对长期养分亏缺的响应(英文)

作　　者：张水清[1] 黄绍敏[1] 聂胜委[1] 郭斗斗[1] 林杉[2] 钱小平[3] 三島慎一郎 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]华中农业大学资环学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]日本国际农林水产业研究中心 [4]日本农业环境科学研究所

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2013年第12期1815-1820,共6页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Support by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201203030-5);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201288,41201255,31301284);Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of Henan Province(132102110068);Excellent Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2013YQ15);JIRCAS-IARRP collaborative research:Estimation of the Present States of Fertilizer Use and Livestock Production and Their Environmental Load~~

摘　　要：[Objective] Long-term （over 18 years） fertilization experiments were con- ducted to study the responses of crop yields and soil fertility to long-term nutrient lacking at Zhengzhou in China. [Method] The present study consisted of five treat- ments： 1 CK （no fertilizer or manure）, （2） NP （nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applied）, 31 NK （nitrogen and potassium fertilizer applied）, 4 PK （phosphorus and potassium fertilizer applied） and ：5 NPK （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertil- izer applied）. [Result] Lacking of nitrogen or phosphorus led to a low yield; however, there was no significant difference in grain yields between the NP and NPK treat- ments which maintained a higher yield. Receiving no phosphorus, soil available phosphorus content declined to about 2.5 mg/kg. The concentration of soil ex- changeable potassium remained constant at a level of 60 mg/kg under the treat- ments without potassium fertilizer addition. Soil potassium spontaneous supply ca- pacity fluctuated around 100%.[Conclusion] In fluvo-aquic soil, nitrogen and phos- phorus were two key limiting factors to grain yields, biomass and yield component factors of wheat and maize, while potassium was not. However, potassium defi- ciency may occur in the future if there was still no potassium fertilizer applied.[目的]以郑州长期肥料试验为平台,研究作物产量和土壤肥力对长期养分缺乏的响应。[方法]试验包括5个处理:①CK(不施化肥和有机肥);②NP(仅施氮磷肥);③NK(仅施氮钾肥);④PK(仅施磷钾肥);⑤NPK(施用氮磷钾肥)。[结果]长期不施用氮肥和磷肥导致作物低产,而长期不施钾肥的NP处理与NPK处理并无显著差异,且能维持作物高产。长期不施用磷肥,土壤有效磷含量持续下降后维持在2.5 mg/kg左右.长期不施用钾肥的处理,土壤交换性钾含量维持在60mg/kg左右。前18年结果看来,土壤钾素的自然供给能力在100%左右。[结论]对于潮土,氮和磷是限制小麦玉米产量、生物量及作物产量构成的最主要的两个因子,而钾素不是主要限制因子。尽管如此,若长期不施用钾肥将来也有可能出现钾素亏缺症状。

关 键 词：RESPONSES Crop yields Soil fertility Nutrient lacking 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]