三峡水库运用对荆江三口分流及洞庭湖的影响  

Impacts of Three Georges Reservoir's operation on outflow of the three outlets of Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake

作　　者：方春明[1] 胡春宏[1] 陈绪坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《水利学报》2014年第1期36-41,共6页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题(2012BAB04B05;2012BAB04B02);水科院专项(泥集1340)

摘　　要：三峡水库运用后荆江河段冲刷观测数据说明其冲刷已呈减缓趋势,预计水库运用20多年时冲刷量接近9亿m3,之后冲刷发展缓慢。三峡水库运用后荆江河段小流量时水位有所下降,但下降速度减缓趋势明显,大流量时变化不大。小流量时水位下降幅度与荆江河段冲刷量相关性较好,并据此估算了未来枯水位变化。三峡水库运用至2010年,干流不同流量下三口分流能力尚未有明显变化,但三峡水库径流调节使三口实际分流量有所减小,年径流量减小约7%。三峡水库汛后蓄水期也降低了洞庭湖水位,使枯水期提前了1个月左右,未来金沙江梯级水电站运用后影响将更大。三峡水库运用后对荆江三口分流及洞庭湖的影响应加以重视,研究应对措施。Observation data of the Jingjiang river reach after the operation of the Three Georges Reservoir shows that the scoring process of this river reach is slowing down, and the scoring volume will be about 900 ＆#215; 106m3 at 2022. After the operation of the Three Georges Reservoir, water stage of Jingjiang at lower discharge has been going down with declining rate, and the water stage at large discharge is almost stable. Water stage descent amount at lower discharge has a good relation with the total scouring volume of Jingji-ang,and it is used to predict the water stage decent in the future. Up to 2010,for all discharge of Jingji-ang, the corresponding discharge capacity of the three outlets did not show obvious change, but the flow regulation of the Three Georges Reservoir has reduced runoff of the three outlets by about 7%. The Three Georges Reservoir’s impounding after the flood season also lowers the water stage of the Dongting Lake, and makes the dry season coming about a month earlier. After the cascade reservoirs in the Jinsha River put into operation in the future, the situation will be more severe. More attention should be paid to the Three Georges Reservoir’s impact on outflow of the three outlets and the water stage of Dongting Lake, and to study on measures.

关 键 词：三峡水库 荆江 三口分流 

分 类 号：TV132[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]