“要”为“若”解  

An Interpretation of Yao 要 and Ruo 若

作　　者：刘祥柏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所北京

出　　处：《方言》2014年第1期48-52,共5页Dialect

摘　　要：汉语表示假设义的"要"实际上就是"若"。这是语音的演变造成的,而不是词汇的更替。一方面,汉语史上直到明末清初的小说之前,"要"罕有见到表示假设的用例,相应的词语都是"若"来表示,另一方面,许多南方方言和早期方言文献中,表示假设义的词也是"若";只有北方话用"要",早期北方官话文献中存在"若"字白读"绕"的音,这可以旁证"要"的读音,应该来自"若"字的一种白读音。In mandarin Chinese, the hypothesis-indicating Yao is but a pseudonym and a de facto ruo , which is resulted from phonological change from the latter rather than the seeming word substitution. Two facts account for this recognition. Diachronically, Yao had rarely been reported to indicate hypothesis until the late Ming and early Qing dynasty and it was ruo that performed the function in the meantime. And in both many dialects in southern China and early dialectal documents ruo ; is the sole words for hypothesis. The hypothesis associated Yao 2, therefore, remains only in northern Mandarins. Furthermore, the fact in certain early documents of the northern Mandarins that ruo was pronounced as rao as a circumstantial evidence on par with the proposition that yao pronunciation of ruo. serves is originally a colloquial

关 键 词：语音演变词汇更替早期方言文献假设义“若” “要” 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]