灌水及施氮对高产区小麦产量及品质性状的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield,Protein Content and Quality Traits of Winter Wheat in High-yielding Area

作　　者：李秋霞[1] 王晨阳[1,2] 马冬云[1,2] 谢迎新[1,2] 刘卫星[1] 朱云集[1] 郭天财[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [2]国家小麦工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2014年第1期102-107,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201203079);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B07;2012BAD04B07和2013BAD07B07);河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(S2010-01-G07)

摘　　要：为给高产小麦的优质高效栽培提供理论依据,以中筋小麦品种平安8号为材料,研究了大田条件下灌水和施氮对小麦籽粒产量、籽粒品质及面粉品质性状的调控效应。结果表明,水氮对小麦产量和品质性状的影响表现为施氮>灌水>施氮×灌水。施氮对大多数品质性状(醇溶蛋白含量除外)的影响达显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)水平;小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量、蛋白质组分含量及多数面团流变学特性指标随着施氮量的增加而提高,而籽粒硬度和容重则呈下降趋势,其中不施氮处理与施氮处理间差异显著,施氮处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在施氮处理中以施氮180kg·hm-2时氮肥偏生产力最高。灌水对籽粒产量、蛋白质产量、清蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、籽粒硬度和容重的影响亦达显著或极显著水平。籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和吸水率随灌水次数(每次灌水750m3·hm-2)的增加而增加,而籽粒蛋白质含量、硬度、容重及面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸阻力和比例均随之降低。施氮与灌水互作显著影响籽粒产量、蛋白质产量和蛋白质含量、籽粒硬度、容重,对其他性状无显著影响。To evaluate the regulating effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application rates and their interaction on grain yield, protein content and quality traits of winter wheat, wheat cultivar Pin- gan 8 was used in a field experiment in Wenxian county（N34°92′ El12°99′）, a high-yielding wheat planting area in Henan Province. The experiment was a split-block design with 3 irrigation regimes and 4 nitrogen application rates. The results indicated that the regulating effect of nitrogen on grain yield and quality traits was greater than that of irrigation, and that of the interaction between nitrogen and irrigation was the smallest. Grain yield, protein yield, protein content and its composition, and some flour quality traits were significantly improved with increasing of nitrogen application rate, while the hardness and the test weight of grain was decreased. Although there was no obvious difference on hardness and test weight among the nitrogen treatments, significant differences with no-nitrogen treatment（N0） were found. In this experiment, the highest value of the nitrogen partial factor pro-ductivity was obtained at the nitrogen rate of 180 kg/hm2. Irrigation significantly improved grain yield, protein yield and flour water absorption, but obviously decreased protein content, grain hard- ness, test weight, and some flour quality traits such as forming time and stable time, etc.. In addi- tion, significant interactions between irrigation and nitrogen were also obtained on grain yield, protein yield, protein content, grain hardness and test weight in this experiment.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌水次数 施氮量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311