秦岭松栎林带生物量及其营养元素分布特征  

DISTRIBUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ON BIOMASS AND NUTRIENT ELEMENTS OF PINE-OAK FOREST BELT IN MT.QINLING

作　　者：刘广全[1] 土小宁[1] 赵士洞[2] 孙升辉[3] G.Gravenhorst 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044 [2]中国科学院自然资源综合考察委员会,北京100101 [3]西北农林科技大学,杨凌712100 [4]德国哥廷根大学生物气候研究所

出　　处：《林业科学》2001年第1期28-36,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目! (G19990 436 0 2 )

摘　　要：秦岭锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林 (包括 0～ 60cm土层 )营养元素总贮量达 2 9 2 50 0～ 390 1 739t·hm-2 ,其大小为锐齿栎林 >华山松 >油松林 ,土壤中营养现贮量占系统总量的 93 1 0 %～ 99 39% ,植被层和凋落物层仅占 0 57%～ 3 0 0 %和 0 1 0 %～ 1 99% ;3林分乔木层生物量、木材蓄积量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为 1 2 0 4 83t·hm-2 、1 2 9 384m3·hm-2 和 1 2 2 6 9kg·hm-2 ,锐齿栎林 >油松林 >华山松林。 3林分林下植被层生物量现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为 1 553t·hm-2 和 53 1kg·hm-2 ,锐齿栎林最大 ,华山松林最小。林下凋落物现存量和营养元素积累量平均值分别为 1 7 4 75t·hm-2 和 50 2 5kg·hm-2 ,3林分凋落物现存量、营养元素含量及其积累量都存在明显的差异。锐齿栎林、油松林和华山松林营养元素年吸收量、归还量、存留量和平均归还率分别为 334 4、1 4 7 2和 2 64 3,1 95 5、66 9和 84 1 ,1 38 8、80 4和 1 80 2kg·hm-2 和 0 585、0 4 54和 0 31 8,3林分各营养元素的年吸收量、归还量和存留量也存在一定的差异。锐齿栎林干和皮中Ca和Mg含量远远高于油松林和华山松林的 ,锐齿栎林多代连作势必导致营养元素的大量流失 ,特别是Ca和Mg ,会破坏土壤原有离子动态?The forest ecosystems of sharptooth oak (Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata Maxim.),Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)and Armand pine(P.armandi Franch) in Mt. Qinling including soil layer 0～60*!cm contained total nutrient elements 29.2500～3901739*!t·hm -2,which put in order sharptooth oak>Chinese pine>Armand pine stand,with percentage of soil 9310%～99.39% and of vegetation 057%～300% and of litter 010%～199%.The total nutrient accumulation contents of the ecosystems were Mg>Ca>K>N>P in the sharptooth oak stand,Ca>N>K>Mg>P in the Chinese pine stand and K>N>P>Ca>Mg in the Armand pine stand,but which of vegetation and litter were Ca>N>K>Mg>P in the sharptooth oak stand,N>Ca>K>Mg>P in the Chinese pine stand and N>Ca>K>Mg>P in the Armand pine stand.The average standing crop,average stocked volume and average nutrient accumulation contents of arbor layers among the three stands were 120483*!t·hm 2,129.384*!m3·hm -2 and 1226.9*!kg·hm -2 respectively,in which the sharptooth oak stand with higher 6020%,35.50% and 7436% respectively than average was the largest and Armand pine stand was the smallest among the three stands.The sharptooth oak stand average production and average volume increment were 7.423*!t·hm -2 and 6.743*!m3·hm -2,which were higher than average 5420% and 29.58% respectively,among them Armand pine stand was lowest.The different organs among the three stands have different nutrient percentage contents.The nutrient accumulation contents and its' distribution of different organs among different stands have marked difference,those in arbor layer put in order barks>stems>roots>branches>leaves to sharptooth oak stand,branches>needles>roots>stems>barks to Chinese pine stand and branches>needles>barks>stems=roots to Armand pine stand;the nutrient accumulation contents of different organs were sharptooth oak>Armand pine>Chinese pine stand in leaves or needles and roots,Armand pine>Chinese pine>sharptooth oak stand to N,P and Mg and contrary to K and Mg in branches,sharptooth oak>Chinese pine>

关 键 词：秦岭 锐齿栎林 油松林 华山松林 生物量 营养元素生物循环 分布 

分 类 号：S718.556[农业科学—林学] S718.554