澜沧江-湄公河流域真菌资源研究进展  

Recent Studies on Fungal Species Diversity in the Lancang-Mekong River Watershed

作　　者：唐丽萍[1,2] 杨祝良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《资源科学》2014年第2期282-295,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技部基础性工作专项:"澜沧江中下游与大香格里拉地区科学考察"(编号:2008FY110300)

摘　　要：澜沧江-湄公河流域是世界上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,整个流域地形复杂、生境多样,孕育了极为丰富的真菌资源。本文介绍了澜沧江-湄公河流域真菌资源的研究历史和分布特点及近年来在该地区发现的一些重要真菌物种。该区真菌资源研究始于十九世纪末,并陆续出版了不少有价值的地区性真菌资源的专著。近30年来的研究更加深入而系统,主要涉及担子菌类,如木耳目、花耳目、蘑菇目、红菇目、牛肝菌目、外担菌目、多孔菌目等,也包括了子囊菌中一些类群,如盘菌目。在过去十余年的时间,在该区仅大型真菌就发现了150余新分类群。因气候及小生境差异,在流域内不同的地区真菌区系成分存在明显的不同:上游地区的灌丛中及草甸上以病原真菌和腹菌类多见,寒温性针叶林下的代表类群则以寒温性大型真菌成分为主;中游地区的常绿阔叶林和暖温性针叶林下主要是温带至亚热带的代表类群;下游地区和湄公河流域气候湿热,以热带成分较为普遍。加强该区域真菌资源的深入研究,不仅具有重要的科学意义,同时也具有为经济发展服务的现实意义。The Lancang-Mekong River watershed is one of the most biologically diverse river systems in the world. This watershed is characterized by its complicated topography with high mountains and deep valleys. It is of extraordinarily diverse habitats, and is an ideal region for diversification and speciation of fungi. In this paper, fungal exploration history, fungal distribution characteristics and major progress on new fungal resources in the Lancang-Mekong River watershed are reviewed. There is regional differentiation in fungal community composition along the Lancang-Mekong River. In the upper reaches of Lancang River, plant pathogenic fungi and false truffles are common under alpine shrubs and on the alpine to subalpine meadows, and cold temperate macrofungi are representative groups under dark coniferous forest. In the middle reaches of the Lancang River, there are a lot of temperate to subtropical representatives under evergreen broad-leaved forests. In the Lower reaches of the Lancang River and the whole Mekong watershed, tropical compositions are quite common. Resource studies in the Lancang-Mekong River watershed began at the end of 19^th century, later interrelated activities are ongoing, and valuable regional monographs about fungal resources have been intermittently published. Recent studies are deeper and more systematic, not only on basidimycetes, such as Agaricales, Auriculariales, Boletales, Dacryomycetales, Exbasidiales, Polyporales, and Russulales, but also on Ascomycetes, for example, Pezizales. In the past ten years, more than 150 new macrofungi taxa were found and described from this region. Scientifically and economically, it is very important to promote the study of fungal resources in this region.

关 键 词：蘑菇资源 地理分布 新分类群 澜沧江流域 湄公河流域 

分 类 号：Q949.9[生物学—植物学]