退耕还林的土地生产力改善效果：重庆万州的实证解释  

Has Grain for Green improved Land Productivity? A Study of Wanzhou District,Chongqing

作　　者：韩洪云[1,2] 喻永红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学管理学院 [2]浙江大学中国农村发展研究院,杭州310058

出　　处：《资源科学》2014年第2期389-396,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：2008年教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划:“农村水环境管理机制设计”(编号:188050-193235501-011);2009年国家社会科学基金重点项目:“农业面源污染治理政策设计研究”(编号:09AZD043)

摘　　要：作为农户受益的一部分,退耕还林通过其生态功能对土地生产力的改善效果是本文关注的主要问题。通过合理的研究设计和样本选择,本文基于重庆万州的农户调查数据和土地生产函数及其索洛余值估计,定量分析并解释这一效果。结果表明,在没有重大农业技术进步和除退耕还林政策以外的制度创新,以及保持其他因素不变的条件下,退耕还林使耕地的玉米和小麦单产分别提高了12.7%和20.9%,折合成收益分别为1 452.98元/hm2和1 170.02元/hm2;并且,除退耕还林以外,土地的生产力还显著地受到地块面积、资本投入、土地质量、农技培训等因素影响。结论认为,土地生产力的改善明显得益于退耕还林;除增加物质投入以外,配合采取促进相邻土地的流转与集中政策、加大对农民的农技培训力度等措施,可以进一步提高工程区土地生产力和退耕还林项目可持续性。As one important benefit to farmers from the Grain for Green scheme, the effect of the project＇ s ecological functions on land productivity remains unknown. This paper aims to fill this gap by focusing on land productivity changes in Wanzhou District, Chongqing and quantitatively analyzing land production function and Solow Residuals. Results show that, under conditions without significant agricultural technological advance and institutional innovations in addition to the Grain for Green policy, the focal plots of corn and wheat increased by 12.7% and 20.9% respectively in 2011. Calculated at current prices, the monetary value of this output increase is equivalent to 1 452.98 CNY · hm^2 and 1 170.02 CNY · hm^-2 respectively. Besides the Project＇ s ecological improvements, the main factors affecting land productivity in the projected area include plot size, capital inputs, land quality such as slope and fertility, the household decision-maker＇ s age and whether they received technical training. The study area has benefited greatly from the Grain for Green Project. These results suggest that increasing capital inputs, combined with measures such as promoting land transfer to realize the scale economy and increasing technical training could improve land productivity further and ensure the sustainability of the Grain for Green program.

关 键 词：退耕还林 土地生产力 索洛余值 重庆万州 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] F224[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X37