2008年-2012年隆林县农村饮水工程水质和水性疾病调查  

Survey of rural drinking water engineering quality and water- born disease in Longlin county from 2008 to 2012

作　　者：罗官生 吴声荣 

机构地区：[1]隆林各族自治县疾病预防控制中心,广西隆林533400

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2014年第2期261-263,267,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的分析隆林县农村生活饮用水卫生质量,为农村饮水工程、卫生监督管理和防控水污染及水性传染病提供科学依据。方法按照国家监测方案采集各乡镇有代表性的农村饮水工程的水源水、出厂水和末梢水,并进行检测和评价;分析供水区水性传染病信息与水质情况的相关性。结果隆林县2008年-2012年农村饮用水总合格率53.28%,各年差异有统计学意义(χ2=58.61,P<0.05)。不同水源类型合格率:泉水55.71%、溪水58.57%、沟塘51.67%、浅井24.00%、水库63.64%、江河62.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.29,P<0.05)。51.53%的取水未进行任何处理。丰水期合格率58.52%大于枯水期的48.03%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.05,P<0.05)。2008年、2009年甲肝暴发流行,2010年-2012年水性疾病以细菌性痢疾、其他感染性腹泻为主,占96.27%,发病率呈上升趋势。结论隆林县农村饮用水微生物污染严重,应采取相应措施,减少水性疾病发生,确保饮水安全。Objective To analyze the sanitary quality of rural drinking water in Longlin county, and provide scientific evidence for rural drinking water project management, health supervision and administration, as well as prevention and control of water pollution and water - born diseases. Methods According to the national monitoring plan, source water, factory water and pipe water were sampled from representative rural water engineering for detection and evaluation, and the correlation between water - borne diseases information and water quality situation was analyzed in water supply region. Results From 2008 to 2012, the total qualified rate of drinking water in rural area of Longlin county was 53.28%, and there was statistical difference among the qualified rates of different years（χ2 = 58.61, P 〈0.05）. The qualified rates of spring water, stream water, pond and ditch wa- ter, shallow well water, reservoir water, river water were 55.71% , 58.57% , 51.67% , 24%, 63.64%, 62.50% , respec- tively, the difference had statisticalsignificance（χ 2 = 21.29, P 〈 0.05 ） . 51.53 % of the water samples were untreated. Quali- fied rate of water in wet season was 58.52% , higher than that of dry season （48.03%） , the difference had statistical signifi- cance （χ2 = 5.05, P 〈 0.05 ）. Hepatitis A was prevalent in 2008 and 2009, while water - born diseases were mainly bacterial dysentery and other infectious diarrhea from 2010 to 2012, accounting for 96.27% of total water - born disease, at a rise trend. Conclusion Microbial pollution was serious in rural drinking water in Longlin county, relevant measures should be taken to re- duce water- born disease and ensure drinking water safety.

关 键 词：饮水工程 水质 水性疾病 相关性 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]