不同氮肥用量对冬种马铃薯产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Efficiency of Winter Potato

作　　者：黄继川[1] 彭智平[1] 于俊红[1] 吴雪娜[1] 林志军[1] 杨林香[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2014年第2期266-270,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(No.2012B020303003);国家科技支撑项目(No.2011BAD11B05);广东省农机化项目(多功能、智能型水肥一体化施肥设备集成研究及应用示范)

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究不同氮用量对珠三角地区冬种马铃薯生长、产量、氮素利用率和品质的影响。结果表明，180．300kgN／hm2时马铃薯叶绿素含量、叶面积、株高和茎粗优于其它处理；在240kgN／hm：时产量和经济效益最高。氮素收获指数和氮素吸收利用率分别介于0．57～0．66和12．65％。28．13％之间。随氮用量的增加而降低：而氮素农学利用率和氮素生理利用率则呈先升高后下降的趋势，在240kgN／hm2时达最大值，分别为55．56、48．07kg/kg。马铃薯块茎粗蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量分别在180kgN，hm2和120kgN／hm2时达到最大值，而氮用量对维生素C和淀粉含量无明显影响。建议珠三角地区冬种马铃薯氮用量以240kgN／hm2为宜。A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen application rate （0, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360 kg N/hm2） on the growth, yield, nitrogen efficiency and quality of winter potato in Pearl River Delta area. The results showed that chlorophyll content, leaf area, height and stem diameter under 180- 300 kg N/hm2 were better than those under other treatments, the yield and economic effectiveness of 240 kg N/hm2 was the highest. N harvest index and apparent N recovery efficiency was between 0.57-0.66 and 12.65%- 28.13%, respectively, and they decreased with the nitrogen application rate increased. However, the agronomic N use efficiency and physiological N use efficiency were enhanced with nitrogen application rate increased and peaked at 240 kg N/hm2 with the highest value of 55.56 kg/kg and 48.07 kg/kg, respectively. The content of crude protein and soluble sugar of potato tuber increased with nitrogen fertilizer application rate increased and peaked at 180 kg N/hm2 and 120 kg N/hm2, respectively. However, the nitrogen application rate had no significant effect on vitamin C and starch content. It is suggested that 240 kg N/hm： application on winter potato in Pearl River Delta area is advisable.

关 键 词：冬种马铃薯 产量 品质 氮素利用率. 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]