新一代探测地球重力场的卫星编队  

Satellite Formation for a New Gravity Field Exploration Mission

作　　者：姜卫平[1] 赵伟[2] 赵倩[1,3] 徐新禹[2] 邹贤才[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学卫星导航定位技术研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉大学测绘学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]中国地震局地震预测研究所,北京100036

出　　处：《测绘学报》2014年第2期111-117,共7页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体资助项目(41021061);国家973计划(2012CB957703)

摘　　要：探讨4类卫星编队构形（串联编队、钟摆编队、车轮编队、串联一钟摆编队）测定全球重力场的特点和能力。基于C-W（Clohessy-Wiltshire）方程分析各类编队卫星的相对运动状态，通过仿真试验，探讨各种卫星编队探测重力场的精度和分辨率。结果表明，与GRACE-type编队相比，包含多方向重力信号观测量的卫星编队能够为重力场解算提供更好的条件，对重力场解算精度提高可达9％～65％；径向观测量是重力场反演中的主要信息来源，其中南北径向的车轮编队最适合于高阶重力场的解算；另外，编队卫星间的沿轨方向观测量对扇谐系数反演能力最差，法向观测量对低次项系数的反演不敏感，径向和多方向观测量联合反演能得到接近各向同性的重力场系数。这可为新一代重力卫星任务的设计提供参考依据。Based on the C-W equation, several satellite formations are described, including GRACE-type, Pendulum-type, Radial Cartwheel-type and GRACE-Pendulum-type. The relative motion among the satellites in different formations is studied with simulation experiment, the characteristics of each formation on measuring gravity field is analyzed, and the conclusion was useful for designing a new generation gravity satellite mission. The result shows that, compared with GRACE-type, the other satellite formations offer an improvement of 9%-65% in precision of the gravity field. Balanced multi-directional observations may be the best way for gravity field solution, radial observables are the main source of gravity field information, and the north-south Radial Cartwheel-type is much more suitable for higher-degree gravity field solution. Along-track observation among formation-satellites has the worst accuracy at the sectorial coefficients, while cross-track observations influence the accuracy of zonal coefficients. The combination of radial-track observation with multi-directional observations is the best way to derive the isotropic gravity field coefficients.

关 键 词：卫星编队 重力场反演 多方向观测量 重力卫星 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]