机构地区:[1]北京大学精神卫生研究所卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191 [2]北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室脑与认知科学研究院,北京100875
出 处:《中国实用儿科杂志》2014年第2期120-124,共5页Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics
基 金:国家自然科学基金[30970802;81020108022;81371496];"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助[2007BAI17B03]
摘 要:目的探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)不同亚型被动内隐视觉空间注意特点。方法选取2012年4月至2012年12月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊就诊符合《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的注意缺陷为主型ADHD(ADHD-I型)患儿27例,混合型ADHD(ADHD-C型)22例,以及性别、年龄与之匹配的正常儿童(正常对照组)18名,采用pop-out视觉搜索任务比较3组完成被动内隐视觉空间注意的反应时(RT)、个体内反应时标准差(ISD)及各类错误率。结果 (1)左、右视野RT:ADHD-C型[(611.8±133.3)ms、(597.7±122.8)ms]ADHD-I型[(633.6±124.5)ms、(619.2±119.4)ms]和正常对照组[(635.5±131.1)ms、(626.6±138.4)ms],对左视野目标RT均慢于右视野(P<0.05),但3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)左、右视野ISD:ADHD-C型[(187.0±45.5)ms、(189.7±47.6)ms,P<0.05]和ADHD-I型[(167.9±54.0)ms、(179.3±57.0)ms,P<0.05]左、右视野ISD均明显大于正常对照组[(137.3±39.1)ms、(136.6±38.3)ms,P<0.05]。(3)左、右视野预期错误率:ADHD-C型左、右视野预期错误率[(1.1±1.2)%、(1.6±1.8)%]高于正常对照组[(0.5±1.2)%、(0.3±0.9)%,P<0.05];左视野3组间预期错误率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)左、右视野错误率:右侧视野ADHD-C型错误率显著大于正常对照组[(6.9±6.6)%、(2.9±4.1)%,P<0.05];左侧视野,3组间错误率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论无论ADHD-I型还是ADHD-C型儿童被动内隐视觉空间注意波动水平均大于正常对照儿童,注意力维持能力差,且ADHD-C型儿童抑制缺陷重于ADHD-I型儿童。Objective To investigate the characteristics of covert reflexive visual spatial attention in children with two subtypes of ADHD. Methods Totally 27 ADHD-Predominantly Inattention children (ADHD-I), 22 ADHD-Combined Type (ADHD-C) meeting the criteria of DSM-1V and 18 age-gender-matched normal children were recruited.They performed the Pop-Out visual search task to compare reaction times (RT) , intra-individual standard deviation of RT(ISD) and percentage error rates. Results (1) The ANOVA on RT revealed: ADHD-C[ (611.8±133.3)ms vs.(597.7±122.8)ms], ADHD-I[ (633.6±124.5)ms vs.(619.2±119.4)ms]and normal children[ (635.5±131.1) ms vs.(626.6±138.4) ms], all responded more slowly to left visual field (LVF) target than to right visual field (RVF) target, whereas no differences were found among the three groups. (2) The RT was more variable in ADHD-C [ (187.0 ± 45.5) ms vs. (189.7 ± 47.6)ms, P = 0.001 ] and ADHD-I [ ( 167.9 ± 54.0)ms vs.( 179.3 ± 57.0)ms,P = 0.014]children than in normal children.(3)When attending to RVF target, ADHD-C children performed badly compared to normal children (P = 0.004) and had the tendency to made more anticipation errors than ADHD-I(P = 0.050). No differences were found in comission error rate. (d) The differences of commission error rate in LVF target were not found among the three groups, whereas ADHD-C children made more commission errors than normal children in RVF target[ (6.9±6.6)% vs. (2.9±4.1)% ,P = 0.020]. Conclusion When completing covert reflexive visual spatial attention task, the attention fluctuation significantly increases in ADHD-I and ADHD-C children, and ADHD-C children suffer more problems of inhibition relative to ADHD-I group.
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