小儿头皮静脉穿刺失败原因分析及护理对策  

Analysis for failure of the infantile scalp vein puncture and nursing countermeasures

作　　者：刘洁琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省邹城市人民医院儿科门诊输液室,273500

出　　处：《中国实用医刊》2014年第4期107-109,共3页Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨小儿头皮静脉穿刺的失败原因及护理对策。方法选择邹城市人民医院儿科2011年1月至2011年12月行小儿头皮静脉穿刺的100例患儿为对照组，2012年1月至2012年12月行小儿头皮静脉穿刺的100例患儿为观察组。自2012年1月开始针对小儿头皮静脉穿刺失败原因采取护理对策，并对比两组行小儿头皮静脉穿刺的成功率及满意率等情况。结果观察组头皮静脉穿刺总成功率为97％，显著高于对照组的74％；观察组液体外渗率为3％，显著低于对照组的14％；观察组针头脱出血管率为2％，显著低于对照组的16％；观察组血管周围发红率为1％，显著低于对照组的7％；观察组患儿家长满意率为99％，显著高于对照组的67％；观察组平均每条血管使用次数（5．6±1．3）次，显著大于对照组的（3．8±0．9）次，以上数据两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。结论小儿头皮静脉穿刺的失败原因主要包括护士因素、患儿因素、环境因素。通过实施培养护士良好的心理素质、加强护士穿刺技能的培训、加强穿刺后的看护、改善注射环境等护理对策，使穿刺总成功率明显得以提高。Objective To investigate the causes and nursing countermeasures for failure of the infantile scalp vein puncture. Methods One hundred children with scalp vein puncture from January2011 to December 2011 were selected as the control group, 100 children with scalp vein puncture from January 2012 to December 2012were selected as the observation group. Since January 2012, the nursing countermeasures were taken, and then compared the success rate and satisfaction rate of the two groups of pediatric scalp vein punc- ture. Results The scalp vein puncture successful rate of the observation group was 97%, which was significantly higher than 74% of the control group; The liquid leakage rate of observation group was 3%, which was significantly lower than 14% of the control group ; The needle out of vessel rate of the observa- tion group was 2%, which was significantly lower than 16% of the control group; The vascular redness a- round of the observation group was 1%, which was significantly lower than 7% of the control group. The satisfaction rate of children and parents of observation group was 99%, which was significantly higher than 67% in the control group. The average use frequency of each vascular was （5.6 ± 1.3 ） times in the observation group, which was significantly greater than （3.8 ± 0. 9） times in the control group. The a- bove data were significantly d^fferent between the two groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The cause of failure of the infantile scalp vein puncture including nurses factors, children and environmental factors. Through the implementation of training nurses good psychological quality, strengthen the nurses puncture skills training, strengthen the puncture care, and improve the injection environment, the puncture assem- bly power significantly improved.

关 键 词：小儿头皮静脉穿刺 失败原因 护理对策 输液 

分 类 号：R472[医药卫生—护理学]