温度和食物类型对室内常见蜚蠊取食的影响  

Effects of temperature and food types on food intakes of three common species of indoor cockroaches

作　　者：柴琪瑶 练键俊 张利剑[1] 莫建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2014年第1期55-57,共3页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的研究德国小蠊、美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊的食量情况及温度和食物类型对其食量的影响。方法以高碳水化合物、高蛋白质和高脂肪食品为材料,观察蜚蠊不同温度下对它们的取食情况,然后统计分析温度对取食的影响。结果对含水量5.70%的一般淀粉食物,在8、16和32℃时,3种蜚蠊的单只日平均食量德国小蠊雌性为(2.10±0.28)、(8.47±0.57)、(8.69±0.58)mg/d,雄性为(1.76±0.67)、(7.04±1.25)、(4.51±0.20)mg/d;美洲大蠊雌性为(25.78±1.31)、(65.56±13.73)、(142.94±13.00)mg/d,雄性为(17.67±5.31)、(32.94±4.82)、(76.81±7.55)mg/d;黑胸大蠊雌性为(32.07±10.02)、(46.90±8.42)、(92.46±7.77)mg/d,雄性为(15.38±2.15)、(17.21±2.26)、(50.61±3.05)mg/d。德国小蠊高龄若虫、雌成虫和雄成虫对不同类型食物的单只日平均食量花生为(1.78±1.03)、(1.06±0.61)、(0.50±0.29)mg/d,肉松为(2.04±1.18)、(1.54±0.89)、(0.58±0.34)mg/d,红枣为(2.53±1.46)、(1.73±1.00)、(0.71±0.41)mg/d。结论德国小蠊的食量随温度上升呈现抛物线形式先增后减,黑胸大蠊和美洲大蠊则呈线性递增;德国小蠊对高淀粉类的食品取食量最大,高蛋白食品次之,高脂食品最小,且进食量大小依次为高龄若虫>雌成虫>雄成虫。Objective To study the food intakes of Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, and Periplaneta fuliginosa and the effects of temperature and food types on their food intakes. Methods High-carbohydrate food, high-protein food, and high- fat food were provided for the three species of cockroaches; the food intakes of cockroaches were observed at different temperatures, and the effect of temperature on food intakes was statistically analyzed. Results For common starch food （water content 5.70%）, the average daily food intakes of each cockroach （mg/d） at 8 ℃, 16 ℃, and 32 ℃ were as follows： 2.10±0.28, 8.47 ± 0.57, and 8.69 ±0.58 for female B. germanica, and 1.76±0.67, 7.04± 1.25, and 4.51 ± 0.20 for male B. germanica; 25.78 ± 1.31, 65.56± 13.73, and 142.94± 13.00 for female P. americana, and 17.67 ±5.31, 32.94± 4.82, and 76.81±7.55 for male P. americana; 32.07 ±10.02, 46.9± 8.42, and 92.46±7.77 for female P. fuliginosa, and 15.38± 2.15, 17.21±2.26, and 50.61± 3.05 for male P. fuliginosa. For B. germanica, the average daily food intakes （mg/d） of each late-instar nymph, female adult, and male adult were as follows： 1.78±1.03, 1.06 ± 0.61, and 0.50±0.29 for peanuts, 2.04± 1.18, 1.54±0.89, and 0.58± 0.34 for dried meat floss, and 2.53± 1.46, 1.73 ± 1.00, and 0.71±0.41 for red dates. Conclusion As temperature increases, the food intake of B. gerrnanica first increases and then decreases, showing a parabolic pattern, while the food-intakes of P. americana and P. fuliginosa increase linearly. B. germanica has the highest intake for high-starch food, followed by high- protein food, and had the lowest intake for high-fat food; for each food, the food intake was the highest in late-instar nymphs, followed by female adults and male adults.

关 键 词：蜚蠊 食量 食物 德国小蠊 美洲大蠊 黑胸大蠊 

分 类 号：R384.9[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]