Population dynamics of Pygoscelis penguins(1980–2012) and penguin dropping records(1916–2001) on Ardley Island of West Antarctica, in response to ENSO  

作　　者：Haisheng Zhang Jun Zhao Zhengbing Han Bing Lu Hans-Ulrich Peter 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration [2]Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2014年第4期437-446,共10页

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40876104 and 41306202);the scientific research fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration(JT1208 and JG1218);Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration Foundation(20110208)

摘　　要：El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has affected penguins and their habitats in the western Antarctic Peninsula.We used both historical penguin population dynamics data(1980–2012)and sedimentary lipids in penguin droppings(1916–2001)on Ardley Island to examine the responses of the Antarctic ecosystem to ENSO(El Nin o/La Nin a)events.The results showed that during the last 30 years,climate,marine food chain changes,and human activity have significantly affected penguin population sizes on Ardley Island.The Chinstrap(Pygoscelis antarctica)and Ade′lie(P.adeliae)penguin populations showed a good correlation with ENSO events.The Chinstrap penguin population decreased significantly because it was more sensitive to increasing human disturbance(e.g.,scientific activity and tourism)than Ade′lie and Gentoo(P.papua),particularly during the breeding season.Compositional features of n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments revealed that organic matter came from lower terrestrial plants,bacteria and algae.C23was the main nalkane heavy hydrocarbon indicating mosses and lichens in the penguin’s diet.Variation in the ratio of nC23/nC17was closely correlated with ENSO events.The bacteria intrusion index(ratio of(iC15:0?aC15:0)/nC15:0for fatty acids)reflected significant increases in microorganism activity during several periods in this area.Meanwhile,the CPIA value for fatty acids decreased because micro-organisms contributed light hydrocarbon fatty acids to penguin droppings.Our results showed that the fine structure and molecular indices of fatty acids and n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments can be used to explain climate-driven microbial processes,and to reveal the important role that microbes and bacteria play in the relatively simple Antarctic ecosystem.E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） has affected penguins and their habitats in the western Ant- arctic Peninsula. We used both historical penguin popula- tion dynamics data （1980-2012） and sedimentary lipids in penguin droppings （1916-2001） on Ardley Island to examine the responses of the Antarctic ecosystem to ENSO （El Nifio/La Nifia） events. The results showed that during the last 30 years, climate, marine food chain changes, and human activity have significantly affected penguin popu- lation sizes on Ardley Island. The Chinstrap （Pygoscelis antarctica） and Addlie （P. adeliae） penguin populations showed a good correlation with ENSO events. The Chin- strap penguin population decreased significantly because it was more sensitive to increasing human disturbance （e.g., scientific activity and tourism） than Adrlie and Gentoo （P. papua）, particularly during the breeding season. Compo- sitional features of n-alkanes in penguin dropping sedi- ments revealed that organic matter came from lower terrestrial plants, bacteria and algae. C23 was the main n- alkane heavy hydrocarbon indicating mosses and lichens in the penguin＇s diet. Variation in the ratio of nC23/nC17 was closely correlated with ENSO events. The bacteria intru- sion index （ratio of （iC15：0 ＋ aC15：o）/nC15：0 for fatty acids） reflected significant increases in microorganism activity during several periods in this area. Meanwhile, the CPIA value for fatty acids decreased because micro-organisms contributed light hydrocarbon fatty acids to penguin droppings. Our results showed that the fine structure and molecular indices of fatty acids and n-alkanes in penguin dropping sediments can be used to explain climate-driven microbial processes, and to reveal the important role that microbes and bacteria play in the relatively simple Ant- arctic ecosystem.

关 键 词：ENSO事件 阿德雷岛 种群动态 南极洲 企鹅 微生物过程 正构烷烃 生态系统 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]