北方水稻生育后期剑叶可溶性物质含量及植株生产力对CO_2浓度增高的响应  

Response of Soluble Substances Content in Flag Leaves during Late Growth Stage and Plant Productivity of Rice to Elevated CO_2 in North China

作　　者：王惠贞[1] 赵洪亮[1] 冯永祥[2] 姜乐[1] 宁大可[1] 谢立勇[1] 林而达[3] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第2期320-328,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41175097);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD11B03)资助

摘　　要：以高产优质粳稻松粳9号和稻花香2号为试材,利用中国北方FACE(free air CO2enrichment)实验平台研究北方水稻生理代谢对CO2浓度增高的响应规律。在水稻抽穗期开始测定剑叶可溶性糖含量、蛋白质含量和总叶绿素含量,收获后实测小区产量及产量构成因素,比较处理间和品种间差异。结果表明,CO2浓度增高显著提高水稻抽穗期、乳熟期和完熟期剑叶可溶性糖含量,松粳9号和稻花香2号最高增幅分别达11.7%和47.5%。CO2浓度增高显著降低抽穗期和完熟期剑叶可溶性蛋白含量,松粳9号和稻花香2号最大降幅分别为16.2%和10.5%。CO2浓度增高使抽穗期和乳熟期剑叶总叶绿素含量显著增加,松粳9号和稻花香2号最大增幅达18.9%和22.5%,之后便逐渐降低。CO2浓度增高使松粳9号单株籽粒产量、生物学产量、经济系数分别提高6.82%、1.50%和12.64%,稻花香2号平均升高2.56%、2.13%和26.05%。研究表明,CO2浓度增高最终提高了水稻植株生产力,对可溶性物质含量的影响在不同生育期存在差异。这可能由于CO2浓度增高促进水稻生长发育,导致水稻提早成熟,叶片衰老促进了可溶性糖分解,也加快了功能叶可溶性蛋白向籽粒运输速率。The responses of high yield and good quality japonica varieties Songjing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2 to elevated COz con- centration in North China were studied by using FACE experimental system. The soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and total chlorophyll content in flag leaves of rice were measured at late growth stage, rice yield per plot and yield components were measured at harvest stage. The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased soluble sugar content in flag leaf for Songjing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2 obviously during heading stage, milky stage and ripening stage, with the peak value of 11.7% and 47.5%, respectively. Elevated CO2 concentration obviously reduced soluble protein content in flag leaf during heading stage and ripening stage for Songjing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2, which was 16.2% and 10.5% in the largest reduction, respectively. Elevated CO2 concentration obviously increased total chlorophyll content in flag leaf for Songiing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2 from heading stage to milky stage, with the largest increase of 18.9% and 22.5%, and then decreased after milk stage. Elevated CO2 concentration increased seed yield of individual plant, total biomass and economic coefficient with an average of 6.82%, 1.50%, 12.64% for Songjing 9, and 2.56%, 2.13%, 26.05% for Daohuaxiang 2. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration increases rice plant productivity, but with diffrence effects on soluble sugar, soluble protein and chlorophyll in flag leaf of differ- ent rice varieties at different growth stages. The reason is likely that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration promotes rice growthand development, leading to a early maturity, then senescent leaf promotes soluble sugar＇s decomposition, and speeds up trans- portation of soluble protein from function leaf to seeds.

关 键 词：FACE 水稻 生育后期 可溶性糖 可溶性蛋白质 叶绿素 植株生产力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]