不同生态区冬前低温下白菜型冬油菜不同抗寒品种(系)的比较  

Comparison of Winter Rapeseed Varieties(Lines) with Different Cold Resistance Planted in the Northern-Extending Regions in China under Low Temperature before Winter

作　　者：刘自刚[1] 张长生[2] 孙万仓[1] 杨宁宁[1] 王月[1] 何丽[1] 赵彩霞[1] 武军艳[1] 方彦[1] 曾秀存[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第2期346-354,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10A104);国家自然科学基金项目(30960199);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903002-04);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)资助

摘　　要：以白菜型冬油菜不同抗寒品种(系)为材料,分别在原种植区(甘肃天水)及北移区(甘肃临洮、兰州和永登)设置田间试验,采用田间记载、光合参数测定和显微观察相结合的方法,调查参试品种(系)在4个生态区的苗期形态、光合参数及气孔形态。结果表明,与原种植区(天水)相比,冬油菜北移后苗期生长习性由半直立逐渐变为匍匐生长;冬前低温阶段叶片Gs、Ci明显下降,Tr明显上升,弱抗寒的天油品种冬前低温下叶片气孔处于关闭或半关闭状态、Pn下降,而强抗寒的陇油品种叶片气孔仍完全开放、Pn明显升高;北移区冬油菜日出叶数减少,根长、根直径增加。冬油菜北移后,苗期匍匐生长,强抗寒品种叶片光合作用增强,弱抗寒品种减弱,有机物被优先分配到根部。We conducted field experiments in Tianshui （original planting area）, Lintao, Lanzhou, and Yongdeng （extending north- ern areas）, Gansu province, to investigate the seedling morphology, photosynthetic parameters, and stomatal morphological char- acteristics ofBrassica campestris varieties （lines）. The results showed that growth habit of winter rapeseed seedlings was changed from suboptimal-erection into prostrate in the northern regions as compared with that grew in the original region. Gs and Ci of leaf were decreased, while Tr was increased in low temperature treatment. When moved to the northern-extended regions, Pn of the cold sensitive varieties （lines） was decreased, while Pn of strong cold resistant varieties （lines） was increased. The number of daily emergency of leaf in northern-extended winter rapeseeds was reduced. The root length and root diameter were increased. Stomata of strong cold resistant varieties （lines） maintained open, while the majority of stomata of weak cold tolerant varieties （lines） were closed or semi-closed. When moved to northern-extended regions, seedlings of winter rapeseed were prostrate; the photosynthesis of strong cold resistant cultivars was enhanced, while those of weak cold tolerant varieties （lines） was reduced. The photosyn- thates products were preferentially transported into the underground parts and stored in roots.

关 键 词：冬油菜北移 光合特征 气孔形态 抗寒性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]