重庆市九龙坡区1957-2012年传染病疫情分析  

Analysis on the Epidemic situation of infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City in 1957-2012

作　　者：谭学筠 梁小华[1] 李大兴[1] 肖伦[1] 熊飞[1] 杨敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400039

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2014年第2期172-176,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市卫生局2012年医学科研计划项目(2012-2-453);九龙坡区2012年科技项目(2012-1)

摘　　要：目的 分析1957-2012年九龙坡区甲、乙类传染病的发生、发展及其变化规律,为制订传染病相关防制措施提供科学依据. 方法 用描述性流行病学方法对1957-2012年九龙坡区甲、乙类传染病的疫情资料进行分析. 结果1957-2012年56年间共报告甲、乙类传染病25种,357 152例,其中发生死亡的传染病有19种,死亡人数为896例.年均发病率1 213.27/10万,年均死亡率3.04/10万,病死率0.25％.传染病平均发病率和死亡率随年代改变,总体呈递减趋势.甲、乙类传染病分类构成变化为50、60、70年代以呼吸道传染病为主,占发病总数的58.18％～～64.03％,80、90年代以肠道传染病为主,占50.44％～～66.07％,21世纪后以血源及性传播为主,占37.01％.甲类传染病、免疫规划相关传染病、虫媒及自然疫源性传染病得到有效控制或消除,一些多发传染病得到基本控制. 结论 九龙坡区传染病防治工作取得显著成效,但传染病疫情出现了新的特点,防制形势仍然严峻.应制定和完善传染病防制对策,加强防病工作基础建设,提高疾病预防和监测水平.Objective To analyze the occurrence, development and alteration rule of Class A and Class- I3 infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing City during 1957 to 2012, and to provide scientific evidence for developing preventive and con lrol measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted according to the reported data on Class A and Class - I3 infectious diseases in Jiulongpo District during 1957 to 2012. Results A total of 357,152 cases of 25 kinds of Class -A and Class-B infectious diseases were reported in 1957- 2012, leading to 896 deaths due to 19 kinds of infectious diseases. The annual incidence rate was 1,213.27/100,000. The annual mortality rate was 3.04/100,000. And the case fatality rate was 0.25 %. The incidence rates and mortality rates of the infectious diseases showed a decreasing trend. Class- A and Class -B in fectious diseases were mainly composed of respiratory communicable diseases in the 1950s- 1970s, which accounted for 58.18 % 64.03%. Intestinal infectious diseases became prevalent in the 1980s and 1990s, accounting for 50.44% 66.07%. In l he 21st century, bkxxt diseases and STDs became the main infectious diseases, accounting for 37.01%. The epidemic situatkm of most infectious diseases, such as Class A infectious diseases, insect borne infectious diseases and monotic infectious diseases, had been effectively controlled. Conclusions Remarkable effect has been obtained in prevention and control of the infectious diseases in jiulongpo District, but the epidemic situation of the diseases shows new characteristics and is still severe. It is neces- sary to formulate and improve prevention and control strategies, strengthen basic construction of prevention work, and promote prevention and monitoring of the infectious diseases.

关 键 词：甲、乙类传染病 趋势分析 防制对策 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]