免耕与覆盖对贵单8号玉米氮磷钾养分吸收及产量的影响  

Effects of no-tillage and straw cover on N,P,K uptake, and field of Guidan 8 corn

作　　者：赵惠丽[1] 王小利[1] 段建军[1] 刘朝阳[1] 柏光晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2014年第1期8-12,共5页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360503);中国农业科学院土壤质量重点开放实验室开放基金(2012-01);农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室开放基金(Z123270)

摘　　要：在贵阳市花溪区黄壤旱地上进行田间试验,观测和分析了翻耕和免耕条件下秸秆低量、中量、高量覆盖、地膜覆盖对贵单8号玉米氮磷钾养分吸收及产量的影响,以评价和筛选出最佳的免耕覆盖组合模式.结果表明：（1）与翻耕处理相比,免耕处理玉米单株氮、磷、钾平均吸收量分别增加了9.7％、11.8％和26.3％;（2）不同耕作方式对根茎叶分配量的影响为免耕＞翻耕,翻耕、免耕条件下,氮素在根茎叶中的分配量为秸秆中量处理＞地膜处理＞秸秆高量处理＞秸秆低量处理＞不覆盖处理;（3）与翻耕处理相比,免耕各处理玉米产量平均增加了5.1％～7.9％.翻耕和免耕下,玉米单株氮、磷、钾素吸收量、玉米亩产量均以秸秆中量覆盖处理最高,地膜覆盖处理次之,秸秆高量覆盖处理大于秸秆低量覆盖处理,不覆盖处理最低.与传统的翻耕耕作方式相比,免耕种植有利于贵单8号玉米植株吸收氮磷钾营养元素;免耕地膜覆盖和免耕秸秆中量覆盖两种模式的产量较高,在生产中值得推广.Field experiment was conducted on yellow soil in Huaxi district of Guiyang. Observating and analyzing low straw,medium straw,high straw,plastic cover of No-tillage and ploughing influenced on Guidan No.8 corn NPK uptake and output. To evaluate and select the best combination of no-till coverage model.The results showed：（1） No-tillage with maize plants absorbed the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium on average 9.73%, 11.77% and 26.25% higher than ploughing. （2） Nitrogen in the plant vegetative growth stage were mainly concentrated in the stems and leaves, mainly transfer and accumulate to grow organs between reproductive growth; phosphorus accumulation and distribution was not the same with nitrogen, in the redistribution, the accumulation of phosphorus in culm and sheath was transported to the clusters of approximately 30.2%-72.9%;However potassium was the same with phosphorus, but the proportion of redistribution of the leaves was relatively more, was 50.67%-74.65% .（3） No-tillage corn acre yield 5.1%~7.9% higher than ploughing. Whether ploughing or not, per corn strain NPK uptake and corn acre yield relationship was： covered with straw 9000kg/ hm2〉 covered with plastic film〉covered with straw 12000kg/hm2〉covered with straw 6 000 kg/hm2〉no cover. Compared with the conventional tillage farming, no-tillage was good for Guidan No.8 corn NPK uptake; no-tillage plastic cover and medium straw cover two modes of production was higher, was worth promoting in the production.

关 键 词：免耕 秸秆覆盖 氮磷钾 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S345