患儿呼吸道病毒感染的病原学特征研究  

Etiological characteristics of viruses causing respiratory tract infections in children

作　　者：郭磊[1] 丁效国[1] 杨丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团医院儿科,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2014年第4期1007-1009,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的探讨门诊与住院患儿呼吸道病毒感染的病原学特征，为临床预防与诊断提供参考依据。方法采集2011年5月一2013年7月医院收治的500例呼吸道感染患儿咽拭子或一次性吸痰管采集鼻咽吸取物，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应检测法（RT—PCR）进行病毒核酸检测，采用SPSSl7．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果500例呼吸道感染患儿送检标本共检出病毒327株，检出率为65．4％，住院患儿〈1岁与1～3岁的病毒检出率分别为100．0％与95．2％，均显著高于门诊同龄患儿的33．3％与45．0％，差异有统计学意义（P％0．05）；流感病毒（IFV）是门诊患儿检出率最高的病毒，检出率为10．4％，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）则是住院患儿检出率最高的病毒，检出率为28．3％，住院患儿的RSV、鼻病毒（HRV）、副流感病毒（PIV）以及IFV等病毒检出率分别与门诊患儿相比，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）；住院患儿〈1、1～3、4～6、〉6岁等年龄的混合感染率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05），且住院患儿的混合感染率随着年龄的减小而呈现上升趋势。结论门诊与住院的呼吸道病毒感染患儿病原学特征存在的差异性可能与患儿年龄有关。OBJECTIVE To explore the etiological characteristics of viruses causing respiratory tract infections in children of department of outpatient or hospitalized children so as to guide the clinical prevention and diagnosis. METHODS A total of 500 neonates with respiratory tract infections, who were treated in the hospital from May 2011 to Jul 2013, were enrolled in the study, then the throat swab or were sampled with the sputum inhalation tube, the viral nucleic acid was detected with the use of reverse-transeriptase polymerase-ehain-reaction （RT- PCR）, and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS17. 0 software. RESULTS Totally 327 isolates of viruses have been isolated from the submitted specimens form the 500 children with respiratory tract infections, and the isolation rate was 65.4% ; the isolation rate of the viruses was 100.0 in the hospitalized children aged less than 1 year old, 95.2 % in the hospitalized children aged between 1 and 3 years old, significantly higher than 33.3% and 45.0% of the children of department of outpatient with the same age as the hospitalized children, the difference was statistically significant （P%0. 05）. The isolation rate of the influenza virus （IFV） was the highest （10.4%） in the children of outpatient department, while the isolation rate of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） was the highest （28.3 %） in the hospitalized children; the difference in the isolation rate of RSV, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus （PIV） , or IFV between the hospitalized children and the children of department of outpatient was statistically significant （P- 0. 05）. As compared with the incidence of mixed infections, the difference among the hospitalized patients aged less than 1 year old, 1-3 years old, 4-6 years old, and more than 6 years old was statistically significant; the incidence of the mixed infections in the hospitalized children showed an upward trend with the decrease of age. CONCLUSION The difference in the etiological characte

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 患儿 门诊 住院 病毒 病原学特征 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统]