有机肥无机肥配施对温室黄瓜生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth,yield and quality of cucumber in greenhouse

作　　者：张红梅[1] 金海军[1] 丁小涛[1] 余纪柱[1] 郝婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海市农业科学院园艺研究所,上海201106 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第1期247-253,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：上海市科委项目"黄瓜安全种植规范及过程监管技术规范"(11391901600);上海市科技兴农项目"综合技术的研发与应用"[沪农科重字(2010)第4-1号]资助

摘　　要：蔬菜生产过量使用有机肥也会影响蔬菜的生长、降低蔬菜的品质。本项目在保护地栽培条件下,研究了一定养分量投入中,在黄瓜上有机肥和无机肥的最佳配比。试验采用泡沫槽栽培,所有供试肥料均以底肥形式一次性施入。结果表明,施有机肥30 t/hm2+无机肥0.9 t/hm2的处理和施有机肥45 t/hm2+无机肥0.45 t/hm2的处理严重抑制了黄瓜定植初期的生长,降低了前期单株产量和果实中Vc、可溶性糖含量,增加了硝酸盐含量。单施有机肥60 t/hm2的处理肥害相对较轻,植株恢复生长较快。单施无机肥1.8 t/hm2的处理和施有机肥15 t/hm2+无机肥1.35 t/hm2的处理植株生长势强,前期单株产量、果实中Vc、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量较高,硝酸盐积累量较低,但这两个处理在结果后期发生早衰,导致中后期产量下降。综合生长、产量和品质指标,最优的底肥组合应该是施有机肥15 t/hm2+无机肥1.35 t/hm2的处理,但要注意生长中后期进行追肥,以满足果实生长的营养需求,以期获得较高的产量。Unreasonable use of organic fertilizer leads to poor quality and lower yield in vegetable production. An experiment with foam tank culture was carried out to study the suitable amount and ratio of organic and inorganic nutrients in cucumber production. All fertilizers used in the experiment were basal applied. The results showed that in treatment 30 t/ha of organic fertilizer combining 0.9 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer, or 45 t/ha of organic fertilizer combining 0.45 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer, the early growth of cucumber plants was severely inhibited, the earlier yield, the contents of vitamin C and soluble sugar decreased, and the nitrate accumulation increased in cucumber. Applying 60 t/ha of organic fertilizer cause less salt damage to the plants, the transplanted seedlings recovered quickly. Applying 1.8 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer or 15 t/ha of organic fertilizer combining 1.35 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer are good for the plant growth, the early yield are obviously increased and the content of vitamin C, soluble protein and soluble sugar, the nitrate accumulation decreased. However, the nutrient supply is unable to meet the need of the later growth of cucumber, leading to yield decrease at last. Combining comprehensively the indexes of growth, yield and quality, the treatment of 15 t/ha of organic fertilizer with 1.35 t/ha of inorganic fertilizer was recommended as basal fertilizer in this experiment, and dressing fertilizers should be supplemented when necessary in the middle and/or late growth stage to satisfy the nutrition requirement of fruit growth.

关 键 词：有机肥 无机肥 黄瓜 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]