环境温度对白头鹎代谢产热和蒸发失水的影响  

Effect of environmental temperature on thermogenesis and evaporative water loss in Chinese bulbuls( Pycnonotus sinensis)

作　　者：林琳[1] 曹梦婷[1] 胡益林[1] 黄丽丽[1] 李洲[1] 柳劲松[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]温州大学生命与环境科学学院,温州325035 [2]温州大学应用生态研究所,温州325035

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第3期564-571,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31070366);浙江省新苗人才计划项目部分资助

摘　　要：基础代谢率(BMR)是恒温动物维持正常生理机能的最小产热速率,是动物在清醒时维持身体各项基本功能所需的最小能量值。"能量需求"假设认为,鸟类短期BMR的调整可以通过改变内部器官的大小来适应能量需求。以白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)为研究对象,分别在10℃和30℃的不同环境中适应4周后,测定了其BMR、蒸发失水(EWL)和内部器官(心、肝、肾、胃、小肠和整体消化道)的重量,同时分析了白头鹎内部器官的变化及与BMR的关系。驯化4周后,白头鹎暖温组(30℃)的体重有明显降低的趋势;经协方差校正体重后,低温组(10℃)单位体重BMR与整体BMR明显高于暖温组,同时两组间EWL表现出显著差异。协方差分析表明,低温组白头鹎的肝脏、肾脏、小肠及总消化道重量显著高于暖温组。低温引起白头鹎能量需求增加,内部器官发生相应改变,要求摄入更多的氧气以维持代谢平衡,导致散失更多的蒸发水。Studies examining an organism＇s response to environment change can yield insight into the adaptive value of phenotypic adjustments. It has been well believed that flexibility in a certain trait is adaptively and functionally important for organisms to cope with environment change. Basal metabolic rate （BMR） plays an important role in energy balance regulation in both small mammals and birds. The hypotheses of ＇ energy demand ＇ of short-term adjustments in BMR proposes that birds are able to adjust the size of internal organs to cope with changes in food intake. In the present study, we examined the effect of temperature on BMR and evaporative water loss （EWL） in Chinese bulbuls （Pycnonotus sinensis）. Birds were housed individually in cages （60 cm×60 cm×30 cm） under a 12L ：12D photoperiod at room temperature. Food and water were provided acl libitum. Subjects were adapted to the cages for at least one week, and then randomly assigned into either cold group, birds were exposed to 10 ℃ for 28 days or warm group, during which birds were exposed to 30 ℃ for 28 days. Metabolic rates （MR） and water content of air were measured using an open-circuit respirometry system （AEI technologies S-3A/I, USA） before and after the experiment. A ＇U＇ tube （containing silica gel） was connected in series following the respiratory chamber and was weighed before the start and at the end of each measurement. After BMR measurements, birds were killed by decapitation and heart, liver, kidneys, gizzard, small intestine and total digestive tract were removed separately and weighed （to 0.1 rag）. These organs were dried at 60 ℃ for 2 days to constant mass andweighed again （to 0.1 mg）. BMR were ·（4.42±0.16） mL O2/g ·h at 10 ℃ and （3.75±0.16） mL O2/g · hat 30 ℃. Difference in BMR after corrected for body mass was significant. When expressed as total BMR per bird （02/h） it was also significant between the two groups. EWL averaged （0.30±0.02） （g H20/h） at 10 ℃ a

关 键 词：白头鹎 环境温度 基础代谢率 蒸发失水 

分 类 号：S834[农业科学—畜牧学]