中国八省份一般人群血和尿液中铅、镉水平及影响因素调查  

Study of distribution and influencing factors of lead and cadmium in whole blood and urine among population in 8 provinces in China

作　　者：丁春光[1] 潘亚娟[1] 张爱华[2] 吴邦华[2] 黄汉林[2] 朱醇[3] 刘德晔[3] 朱宝立[3] 许光 邵华 彭珊茁[5] 姜先龙 赵春香[7] 韩长城[8] 姬红蓉 余善法 张晓曦[11] 张龙连[12] 郑玉新[1] 闫慧芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所化学安全与健康重点实验室,北京100050 [2]广东省职业病防治院 [3]江苏省疾病预防控制中心 [4]山东省职业病防治研究院 [5]辽宁省沈阳市第九人民医院检验科 [6]辽宁省丹东市卫生监督所 [7]河北省疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所 [8]河北医科大学公卫学院 [9]青海省疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所 [10]河南省职业病防治研究院 [11]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心 [12]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2014年第2期91-96,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：卫生部行业科研专项（200802020）;国家科技支撑计划（2006BAI06B02）

摘　　要：目的 调查我国一般人群血和尿中铅、镉水平,分析其分布特点.方法 于2009-2010年,采用整群随机抽样的方法,在我国东部、西部和中部8个省份的24个市县抽取了18 120名6 ～ 60岁人群为调查对象,分别采集血液和尿液样品.应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测血和尿液中的铅、镉水平,分析了性别和区域对血和尿中铅、镉水平的影响.结果 我国一般人群全血中铅的几何均数为34.9 μg/L;男性和女性分别为40.1、30.4 μg/L（Z=-28.05,P＜0.05）;东、中和西部人群分别为31.2、38.8和58.9 μg/L（x2=1 483.33,P＜0.05）.一般人群尿铅几何均数为1.05 μg/L;男性和女性分别为1.06和1.05 μg/L（Z=-0.73,P＞0.05）;东、中和西部人群分别为0.76、2.85和3.22 μg/L（x2=1 982.11,P＜0.05）.我国一般人群全血中镉的几何均数为0.49 μg/L;男性和女性分别为0.60、0.41μg/L（Z=-11.79,P＜0.05）;东、中和西部人群分别为0.45、0.65和0.67 μg/L（x2 =69.87,P＜0.05）.一般人群尿镉的几何均数为0.28 μg/L;男性和女性分别为0.29和0.28 μg/L（Z=-3.86,P＜0.05）;东、中和西部人群分别为0.29、0.42、0.18μg/L（x2=402.76,P＜0.05）.血铅与尿铅、血镉与尿镉相关系数分别为0.21和0.22,均具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 我国一般人群血和尿中铅、镉水平较高,且存在性别及地区差异;血铅与尿铅、血镉与尿镉呈正相关.Objective To evaluate the levels of lead （Pb） and cadmium （Cd） in blood and urine among general population in China,and thereby analyze their prevalent features.Methods A total of 18 120 subjects from general population aged 6-60 years were recruited from 24 districts in 8 provinces in eastern,central and western China mainland from 2009 to 2010,by cluster random sampling method.The blood samples and urine samples of these people were collected.The questionnaire survey was used to collect the information of the living environment and health conditions.Inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied to test the Pb and Cd levels in the samples,and the distribution of Pb and Cd in blood and urine for different ages,genders,areas and life habits were then analyzed.Results Among the general population in China,the geometric mean（GM）of blood Pb concentration was 34.9 μg/L;the GM of blood Pb in male and female groups were 40.1 and 30.4 μg/L（Z =-28.05,P ＜0.05）,respectively; the GM from eastern,central and western China were 31.2,38.8 and 58.9 μg/L（x2 =1 483.33,P ＜ 0.05）,respectively.The GM of urine Pb of the whole population was 1.05 μg/L; while the GM in male and female groups were 1.06 μg/L and 1.05 μg/L （Z =-0.73,P ＞ 0.05）,respectively; the values from eastern,central and western China were 0.76,2.85 and 3.22 μg/L （x2 =1 982.11,P ＜ 0.05）,respectively.The GM of blood Cd concentration among general population was 0.49 μg/L;and the values in male and female group were 0.60 and 0.41 μg/L（Z =-11.79,P ＜ 0.05）,respectively ; the GM from eastern,central and western China were 0.45,0.65 and 0.67 μg/L（x2 =69.87,P ＜ 0.05）,respectively; the GM of urine Cd concentration of the whole population was 0.28 μg/L,while the GM in male and female groups were 0.29 and 0.28 μg/L （Z =-3.86,P ＜ 0.05）,respectively ; the values from eastern,central and western China were 0.29,0.42 and 0.18 μg/L（x2 =402.76,P ＜ 0.05）,respectively.the Spearman＇s rank correlation coef

关 键 词：铅 镉 血液 尿 横断面调查 电感耦合等离子体质谱 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]