深圳居民尿液中24种元素的分布  

The distribution of 24 elements in urine from Shenzhen residents

作　　者：刘小立[1] 谢尉 谭洪兴[1] 于微[1] 徐健[1] 许佳章[1] 杨翌[2] 王俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市慢性病防治中心理化实验室,518020 [2]广东药学院公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2014年第2期114-118,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81202207、81172668）

摘　　要：目的 调查深圳市居民尿液中24种元素的分布情况.方法 于2011年3-7月在深圳市辖区内按等概率抽样原则,以每个行政区人口比例随机选取1～2个社区,共计11个社区作为基本抽样单位,再采用系统抽样的方法在每个抽样单位选取75户居民,共2 200名调查对象.收集调查对象中段晨尿10～20 ml,对尿液中锂、铍、锶、镉、铯、铊、铅、钒、铬、锰、铁、镍、钴、铜、锌、锡、锑、碲、砷、硒、铷、钠、镁、钾元素的含量进行检测,分析性别、不同年龄组间各元素含量的差异.结果 24种元素中,钠的含量最高,含量的中位数[第5位百分位数（P5）,第95位百分位数（P95）]为2 845.78（920.29,5 974.53） mg/L;铍最低,为0.10（0.01,0.58）μg/L.除常量元素钠[2 921.97 （985.14,6 201.51） mg/L]、镁[48.20 （8.23,132.41）mg/L]、钾[2 323.20（683.98,5 657.47）mg/L]外,铷的含量最高,为3.31（9.82,7.83） mg/L,其次为锌[454.54（113.90,1 320.00） μg/L],而钒、铬、锰、锡和铊的含量非常低,其中位数均＜1.00 μg/L.不同性别及年龄组间尿液中含量差异均有统计学意义（性别间：Z值分别为4.51、2.53、4.00,P值均＜0.05;年龄组间：H值分别为55.67、129.42、18.46,P值均＜0.01）的元素为铅、铁、硒,含量的中位数（P5,R5）分别为2.04（0.57,5.31）、202.88（48.66,564.90）、49.68（14.34,150.91）μg/L,其中男性分别为2.22（0.71,5.33）、212.36（47.50,567.29）、53.42（16.20,160.63） μg/L,女性分别为1.95（0.51,5.24）、193.69（49.52,562.31）、46.62（12.65,142.80） μg/L;≤17岁组分别为1.66（0.38,3.77）、106.13（26.69,459.81）、51.86（15.86,169.71） μg/L,18 ～40岁组分别为1.96（0.52,5.08）、209.83（52.87,577.81）、54.14（15.14,144.11）μg/L,41～65岁组分别为2.29（0.78,5.85）、228.15（67.74,615.16）、46.62（13.95,143.57） μg/L,≥66岁组分别为2.19（0.65,5.69）、195.92（55.17,490.24）、43.16（12.42,155.36）μg/L.结�Objective This study aims to describe the distribution of 24 elements in urine of Shenzhen residents.Methods According to the principle of equal probability of selection method,in March 2011 to July,total 11 communities were chosen as the basic sampling unit in Shenzhen,with 1 to 2 communities in each of the municipal district.Then 75 families from each sampling unit were selected using systematic sampling method.In total,2 200 subjects were chosen.10-20 ml morning middle stream urine was collected,and then detected the concentration of Li,Be,Sr,Cd,Cs,Ta,Pb,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Co,Cu,Zn,Sn,Sb,Te,As,Se,Ru,Na,Mg,K,and analysed the discrepancies between gender and among age groups.Results In those 24 elements,the concentration of Na was highest,the medians（5th percentile （P5）,95th percentile （P95）） were 2 845.78 （920.29,5 974.53） mg/L; Be was lowest,the result was 0.10（0.01,0.58） μg/L.Except macroelements of Na（2 921.97（985.14,6 201.51）mg/L）,Mg （48.20（8.23,132.41） mg/L）,K（2 323.20（683.98,5 657.47） mg/L）,the content of Rb was highest,3.31 （9.82,7.83） mg/L,followed by Zn,454.54（113.90,1 320.00） μg/L,the content of V,Cr,Mn,Se,T1 was pretty low,the median of those elements all less than 1.00 μg/L.Statistically significant differences were found between genders and among age groups in Pb,Fe,Se （gender：Z values were 4.51,2.53,4.00,all P values were ＜0.05 ; age groups：H values were 55.67,129.42,18.46,all P values were ＜ 0.05）.The medians （P5,P95） were 2.04 （0.57,5.31）,202.88 （48.66,564.90）,49.68 （14.34,150.91） μg/L.The values of male were 2.22 （0.71,5.33）,212 （47.50,567.29）,53.42 （16.20,160.63） μg/L.And the results of female were 1.95 （0.51,5.24）,193.69 （49.52,562.31）,46.62 （12.65,142.80） μg/L; the values of less than 17 years old subjects were 1.66 （0.38,3.77）,106.13（26.69,459.81）,51.86 （15.86,169.71） μg/L; the results were 1.96 （0.52,5.08）,209.83 （52.87,577.81）,54.14 （15.14,144.11） μg/L in the

关 键 词：尿 元素 参考值 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]