中职医学生心理健康状况及影响因素的研究进展  

Research progress on psychological health status and its influencing factors among students in medical vocational school

作　　者：汤春菊[1] 崔焱[2] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴卫生高等职业技术学校,江苏省淮安市223300 [2]南京医科大学护理学院

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第3期423-426,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：加强对中职医学生心理状况的关注,及时发现存在的心理健康问题,并分析其影响因素,有针对性地进行引导和纠正,提高学生的心理素质,促进个体的全面发展。通过检索相关文献,采取分析和对比方法,阐述中职医学生心理健康状况研究现状,包括心理健康水平、中职医学生心理健康问题、中职医学生心理健康影响因素3个方面。中职医学生的心理健康水平低于全国常模水平,在强迫症、焦虑、敌对、恐怖几个因子的平均得分明显高于常模,以焦虑、抑郁、人际关系、强迫、敌对等心理问题为多。其影响因素中生物学因素主要有遗传素质、机体损伤、生理生化的改变和病毒、细菌感染等,心理因素主要是人格特征、应对方式以及社会支持,社会学因素受学生来源地、家庭经济状况、性别、不同专业以及家庭单双亲的影响。教育工作者应该关注学生们的情绪体验,及时疏导不良的情绪,是学生保持良好的心理状态的关键。同时,深入全面地对中职医学生的心理健康状况进行评估,并对其影响因素进行剖析,发现问题的根本原因,建立健全立体化的、针对性强的干预指导模式才是解决问题的关键。To pay attention to the psychological health status among students in medical vocational school, find out the mental health problems, analyze its influencing factors, carry out the guidance and correction measures, improve the students＇psychological quali- ty, and promote the all-round development. By the literature retrieval, the current situation of psychological health study among students in medical vocational school was elaborated by the methods of analysis and comparison, and the contents included the psy- chological health level, mental health problems, and the influencing factors. The psychological health level of students in medical vocational school was lower than the national norm, while the scores of obsession, anxiety, hostile and terror were significantly high- er than the national norm, and the mental health problems mainly included anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationship, compul- sion and hostility. In the influencing factors, the biological factors were mainly genetic qualities, physical injury, physiological and biochemical changes, bacterial infections and viral infections. The psychological factors mainly included personality traits, coping styles and social support. The sociological factors were influenced by student sources, family economic status, specialty and marital status of parents. Education workers should pay attention to students＇emotional experience, and guide the negative emotions as early as possible, which can help students stay in the good mental state. Meanwhile, it is necessary to carry an overall thorough evalua- tion on psychological health status among students in medical vocational school, analyze its influencing factors, identify the root causes of the problems, and establish and improve the targeted intervention guidance mode.

关 键 词：中职 医学生 心理健康 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]