机会（r—选择）和均衡（Ｋ—选择）遗迹化石的现代生态学解释  

MODERN ECOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF OPPORTUNISTIC (R-SELECTED) AND EQUILIBRIUM (K-SELECTED) TRACE FOSSILS

作　　者：S.G.Pemberton 周 

机构地区：[1]加拿大艾伯塔大学地球和大气科学纱，爱蒙顿Ｔ６Ｇ２Ｅ３ [2]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，南京２１０００

出　　处：《古生物学报》2001年第1期134-142,共9页Acta Palaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金! (No .49872 0 46);中国科学院资源环境领域知识创新工程重大 (重要方向 )项目!成果

摘　　要：介绍地质记录中在不稳定的沉环境下，由于生活条件的恶化（盐度的变,严酷的温度，低含氧量及移动的沉积基底等）以及沉积事件（浊流沉积和风暴沉积）所产生的机会(r-选择）遗迹化石和均衡（Ｋ－选择）遗迹化石及其特点以及机会行为方式的古生物证据。对现代底栖生物的生态学研究，揭示现代机会生物均衡生物的生态特征（居群策略）描述由于破坏事件导致动物群消除后重新移居的现代实例，有助于了解地质记录中机会(r-选择）遗迹化石和均衡（Ｋ－选择）遗迹化石的成因及其古生态特征。The opportunistic (r-selected) trace fossils produced under the unstable depositional environments and serious ecological conditions (the fluctuating salinity and temperature, low-oxygen and shifty substrates et al. ) and the equilibrium (K-selected) trace fossils produced under the stable and predictable depositional conditions in the geological histories have attracted much attention from ichnologists and sedimentologists for a long time. Seilacher noted that the trace fossils in the black shale of lower Jurassic Pasidonienschiefer are mainly composed of highly branched Chondrites which is related to the low-oxygen sedimentary environments. The pellet-walled burrow Ophiomorpha and Granularia are considered to be opportunistic trace fossils in relation to the shifty sandy substrate and the sedimentary conditions with high depositional rate. Miller and Johnson (1981) described an opportunistic burrow Spirophyton deposited under environmentally harsh fluvialtidal conditions, where temperatures, salinities and even intervals of subaerial exposures were quite variable and unpredictable.The opportunistic (r-selected) trace fossils with respect to event deposits (turbidite and tempestites) have also been noticed. Seilacher (1962) and Kern (1980) recognized the pre-turbidite equilibrium (Kselected) trace fossils consisting of Palaeodictyon, Desrnograpton , Cosrnorhaphe , Spirohaphe ,Nereties and regular Scolicia and the post-turbidite opportunistic (r-selected) trace fossils consisting of Granularia, Phycosiphon and irregular Scolisia. The trace fossil assemblages in the terrigenous tempestites of the Upper Cretaceous Cardium Formation are described by Pemberton et al. (Pemberton and Frey, 1984; Pemberton et al., 1992; Pemberton et al. in press). The opportunistic (r-selected) trace fossils consisting of Skolithos ichnofacies members include Arenicolites , Diplocraterion , Ophiomorpha , Palaeophycus and Skolithos. The equilibrium (Kslected) trace fossils consisting of Cruziana ichnofacies members include Anconichnus, A

关 键 词：遗迹化石 生态学 机会 r-选择 均衡 K-选择 居群策略 移居 

分 类 号：Q911.28[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]