机构地区:[1]中南大学湘雅医院,湖南长沙410008 [2]中华人民共和国国家卫生计划生育委员会医政医管局,北京100021
出 处:《中国感染控制杂志》2014年第1期8-15,共8页Chinese Journal of Infection Control
基 金:中华人民共和国卫生部行业基金(201002021);湖南省科技厅项目(2012SK3200)
摘 要:目的 调查不同规模医院的医院感染(HAI)及社区感染(CAI)现患情况.方法 按照全国医院感染监测网的统一部署,采用横断面调查方法,调查2012年参加调查的各医院住院患者的日HAI和CAI现患率、抗菌药物使用情况及病原学送检率.结果 共调查1 313 家不同规模医院,786 028例住院患者,发现25 273例医院感染病例,HAI现患率为3.22%;177 009例CAI病例,CAI现患率为22.52%.301 770例患者使用抗菌药物,抗菌药物使用率为38.39%,治疗用药患者中40.16%送标本做细菌培养检测.床位数<300、300~599、600~899、≥900的不同规模医院HAI现患率和病原送检率呈"阶梯式"升高(HAI现患率分别为2.11%、2.52%、3.49%、3.91%;病原学送检率分别为23.43%、33.97%、45.38%、49.05%,差异有统计学意义).CAI现患率和抗菌药物使用率则呈"阶梯式"降低(CAI现患率依次为28.99%、25.43%、21.97%、18.72%;抗菌药物使用率依次为46.58%、41.14%、37.23%、34.64%,差异有统计学意义).HAI现患率居前5位的科室分别是综合重症监护室(ICU,27.76%)、血液科(10.13%)、烧伤科(9.64%)、神经外科(9.00%)、儿科新生儿组(5.34%).HAI病例共分离病原体12 447株,居前5位者分别为铜绿假单胞菌(1 825株)、大肠埃希菌(1 750株)、肺炎克雷伯菌(1 437株)、鲍曼不动杆菌(1 321株)、金黄色葡萄球菌(1 112株).结论 HAI现患率在下降,ICU 的HAI现患率最高;革兰阴性细菌仍是HAI主要病原体;与以往相比,抗菌药物使用率明显降低,病原学送检率明显增高.Objective To investigate point prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI) and community-as- sociated infection(CAD in hospitals with different scales. Methods According to the unified arrangement of Nation- al HAI Surveillance System, cross-sectional survey was adopted to investigate daily HAI and CAI rate, antimicrobi- al use, and specimen detection rate in hospitals participated in the survey in 2012. Results On the survey day, a to- tal of 786 028 patients in 1 313 hospitals were investigated, of whom 25 273 (3. 22%) had HAI, and 177 009 (22. 52%) had CAI, 301 770 (38. 39%) were prescribed antimicrobial agents. Among patients prescribed antimi- crobial agents for therapy, 40. 16% had their specimens sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture. Among hospi-tals with〈300,300 - 599,600 - 899, and ≥900 beds, prevalence rate of HAI (HAIR) and bacterial culture rate (BCR) had a "step-by-step" rise (HAIR:2. 11%,2. 52%,3. 49%,3. 91%; BCR: 23. 43%,33. 97%,45. 38%, 49. 05%, the difference was statistically significant); prevalence rate of CAI (CAIR) and antimicrobial use rate (AUR) had a "step-by-step" decrease (CAIR: 28. 99%,25. 43%, 21.97%0,18. 72%; AUR: 46. 58%, 41. 14%0, 37. 23%, 34. 64%, the difference was statistically significant). The top five departments with highest prevalence rate were intensive care unit (ICU,27.76%), hematology (10. 13%), burn (9. 64%),neurosurgery(9. 00%),and neo natology division of pediatric department(5. 34%). A total of 12 447 pathogens were isolated from patients with HAI, the top five bacteria were Pseudomonas aerug'inosa ( 1 825 isolates), Escherichia coli ( 1 750 isolates), Kleh- siella pneumoniae (1 437 isolates), Acinetobacter baumannii (1 321 isolates), and Staphylococcus aureus (1 112 iso- lates). Conclusion Point prevalence rate of HAI has decreased compared with previous, ICU has the highest HAI prevalence rate; gram negative bacteria are main pathogens of HAI; AUR
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