芜湖市2010～2012年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析  

Study on the surveillance of Adverse Event Following Immunization with vaccine in Wuhu,2010～2012

作　　者：汪思银[1] 於秀年[1] 

机构地区：[1]芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2013年第5期339-342,380,共5页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析芜湖市疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况、预防接种质量和疫苗安全性,探讨AEFI防范措施。方法通过疑似预防接种异常反应信息管理系统收集全市2010-2012年AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法对AEFI监测的相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果 2010~2012年全市共报告AEFI 308例,其中一般反应257例（83.44%）,异常反应49例（15.91%）,偶合症2例（0.65%）。各县均有AEFI报告县与预防接种门诊AEFI报告覆盖率分别为100.00%、93.55%;48h内报告率为97.40%,48h内调查率为100.00%。81.82%的AEFI发生于疫苗接种后1d内。89.94%的AEFI发生于0~2岁及6岁儿童。临床诊断以发热、红肿、硬结及过敏性反应为主。AEFI报告发生率为12.10/10万,其中一般反应为10.10/10万,异常反应为1.93/10万。85.06%的AEFI发生于国家免疫规划（NIP）疫苗,69.81%的AEFI发生于第一剂次疫苗接种;不良反应发生较多的疫苗分别为无细胞百白破疫苗（39.29%）、白破疫苗（15.26%）、A＋C群流脑结合疫苗（7.79%）、23价肺炎疫苗（5.19%）、麻风疫苗（4.87%）。NIP疫苗与第二类疫苗的一般反应与异常反应发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2一般反应=2.29,P〉0.05;χ2异常反应=0.46,P〉0.05）。结论目前芜湖市AEFI监测系统运行状况良好,AEFI监测较为敏感。Objective To study the occurrence features of Adverse Event Following Immunization（AEFI） in Wuhu,evaluate the implementation of AEFI surveillance system,the safety of vaccines and the quality of immunization services,and explore AEFI prevention measures.Methods The AEFI data in 2010-2012 were collected through China Information System for AEFI,the descriptive methodology was used in this study.Results 308 AEFI cases occurring in 2010-2012 were reported including 257 cases with common vaccine reaction（83.44%）,49 cases with rare vaccine reaction（15.91%）,2 cases with coincidental event（0.65%）.The AEFI report coverage rate in counties was 100.00%,the AEFI report coverage rate in vaccination clinics was 93.55%; the reported rate within 48 h were 97.40%,the investigated rate within 48 h were 100.00%.81.82% of cases occurred within 1 d after vaccination.Children aged 0-2 years old and 6 years old accounted for 89.94%.The fever,redness,swelling,induration and anaphlaxis dominated the clinical diagnosis of AEFI cases.The AEFI incidence rate were 12.10/100 000,of which the common vaccine reaction incidence rate were 10.10/100 000,the rare vaccine reaction incidence rate were 1.93/100 000.85.06% of cases occurred among the national immunization program（NIP） vaccine,69.81% of cases occurred among the first dose of vaccination; the vaccines reported more vaccine reaction following immunization were DTaP（39.29%）,DT（15.26%）,A＋C MCV（7.79%）,PPV23（5.19%）,MR（4.87%）; the common vaccine reaction incidence rate and rare vaccine reaction incidence rate of NIP vaccine were not significantly different than second type of vaccine.Conclusion At present,the operation status of AEFI surveillance system of Wuhu city was good,AEFI surveillance were more sensitive.

关 键 词：疑似预防接种 异常反应 发生率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]