蓖麻油基泡沫塑料生物降解分子机制初探  

Molecular Mechanism Involved in Biodegradation of Castor Oil Based Plastic Foam

作　　者：胡静[1] 容腾 容敏智[1] 章明秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]聚合物复合材料及功能材料教育部重点实验室中山大学化学与化工学院材料科学研究所,广州510275 [2]广州市质量监督检测研究院,广州510725

出　　处：《高分子学报》2014年第2期276-285,共10页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：广东省高等学校科技创新重点项目(项目号cxzd1001)资助

摘　　要：综合运用实验室模拟土埋、缸法埋置、微生物培养和脂肪酶催化水解等方法,对蓖麻油基泡沫塑料及其树脂材料的生物降解性能开展了系统研究,试图揭示此类材料生物降解过程的分子机制.土埋降解实验前后的分子结构表征初步证明了在此过程中微生物攻击的主要位点是酯基;而缸埋法测量CO2放出量的实验表明,土埋降解的最终产物主要为CO2.进一步利用培养黑曲霉的实验,证明微生物主要选择植物油分子作为其生长的碳源.在脂肪酶的作用下,蓖麻油、马来酸化蓖麻油酯及其泡沫塑料均可发生水解反应,产生脂肪酸.以上几种方法得到的结论较为吻合,不但从不同角度证实了蓖麻油基泡沫塑料具备生物降解性能,而且还初步揭示了这类材料生物降解过程的分子机制.The castor oil was converted into maleic acid ester （i. e. maleated castor oil, MACO ） by the reaction with maleic anhydride. Afterwards, the resultant MACO was free-radically copolymerized with reactive diluents （styrene, St） and cured to form foam plastics through conventional foaming technique. By changing MACO/St ratio, mechanical properties and aerobic biodegradability of MACO foams can be easily adjusted. To understand the biodegradation mechanism of the castor oil based plastic foam, various characterization techniques were employed in a systematic way. Compost tests in laboratory soil combined with molecular characterizations demonstrated that the bio-foam has acquired excellent biodegradability. Destruction of the network structure of the castor oil based polymer resulted from fission of ester groups due to attack of microorganisms. The final product of compost tests proved to be carbon dioxide. Inoculation of fungi on the castor oil based polymer further revealed that the vegetable oil acted as carbon source of growth of aspergillus niger. Under the catalysis of lipase, castor oil, MACO and its foam were hydrolyzed to produce fatty acids. The results of different degradation tests matched each other, which not only confirmed biodegradability of MACO plastics, but also preliminarily revealed molecular mechanism of the biodegradation process.

关 键 词：蓖麻油 泡沫塑料 生物降解 分子机制 

分 类 号：TQ328.0[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]