忻州市环境空气PM_(10)中有机碳和元素碳污染特征分析  

Characterization of Organic and Elemental Carbon in PM_(10) in Xinzhou City

作　　者：史美鲜 彭林[1] 刘效峰[1] 牟玲[1] 白慧玲[1] 刘凤娴 杨花[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《环境科学》2014年第2期458-463,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41173002)

摘　　要：采集了忻州市4个监测点位采暖季和非采暖季环境空气PM10样品,利用Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH vario EL cube测定有机碳(organic carbon,OC)和元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的质量浓度,通过OC和EC的时空分布、比值以及相关性分析揭示忻州市的碳组分污染特征.结果表明,忻州市PM10中OC和EC的平均质量浓度分别为(18.5±4.5)μg·m-3和(16.1±4.3)μg·m-3,采暖季和非采暖季TCA占PM10的比例分别为70.7%和43.8%;4个监测点位采暖季OC的质量浓度均高于非采暖季,XT、DC和KQ监测点采暖季EC的质量浓度高于非采暖季,SQ监测点则相反,采暖季燃煤是OC和EC的主要来源;监测点XT的OC质量浓度最高,为24.1μg·m-3,DC的EC质量浓度最高,为22.0μg·m-3,SQ的OC和EC质量浓度最低,分别为17.2μg·m-3和14.5μg·m-3,区域性污染特征存在差异;OC/EC均值小于2,一次污染严重;非采暖季OC与EC浓度相关性较好(R2=0.55),二者排放源单一,主要来源为机动车尾气排放,采暖季相关性不显著(R2=0.13),二者排放源复杂.忻州市主要通过控制燃煤、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧、工业源等的一次排放来减轻碳组分污染,进而提高环境空气质量.PM1o samples were collected at four sampling sites to study pollution characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols in Xinzhou during heating period （March） and non-heating period （July）, 2011. Organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） in PMI0 were analyzed by Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH vario EL cube, and the characteristics including pollution levels, temporal and spatial distributions of OC and EC as well as OC/EC ratios were investigated in detail. The results were as following： OC and EC mass concentrations of PMlo in Xinzhou were （18.5±4.5） μg.m-3 and （16.1±4. 3） μg.m-3, respectively. The concentrations of total carbon aerosol （TCA） accounted for 70.7% of PMI0 during the heating period, and 43.8% during the non-heating period. The concentrations of OC at four sites during the heating period were higher than those during the non-heating period, and this trend was consistent with that of EC concentrations except for SQ site, which indicated coal combustion was a dominant source of OC and EC during the heating period. OC concentration at XT site and EC concentration at DC site were the highest, which were 24. 1 μg·m-3 and 22. 0 μg·m-3 respectively, while the concentrations of OC and EC at SQ site were both the lowest, which were 17.2 μg·m-3 and 14.5 μg·m-3, respectively, which indicated that the spatial distributions of OC and EC were obviously different. The average values of OC/EC ratios were all below 2, which indicated that the primary pollution was predominant. The correlation between OC and EC during the non-heating period was good with R2 of O. 55, indicating the emission sources were consistent and the vehicle exhaust played an important role, while the correlation was weak during the heating period （R2 = 0.13） , which revealed that the emission sources of OC and EC were complicated. Carbonaceous aerosol pollution should be reduced by controlling the primary emissions such as coal combustion, vehicle exhaust, biomass burning and other industrial sources t

关 键 词：PM10 有机碳(OC) 元素碳(EC) 总碳气溶胶(TCA) 相关性 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]