广州城市污泥中重金属形态特征及其生态风险评价  

Characteristics of Speciation and Evaluation of Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge of Guangzhou

作　　者：郭鹏然[1] 雷永乾[1] 蔡大川[1] 张涛[2] 吴锐[1] 潘佳钏 

机构地区：[1]中国广州分析测试中心,广州510070 [2]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510275

出　　处：《环境科学》2014年第2期684-691,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2010B031000015;2011A030200001);珠江科技新星专项(2012J2200054)

摘　　要：分析了广州市4个不同来源的城市污水处理污泥中重金属含量,考察了污泥样品中重金属形态分布和生物可利用性,并分别利用风险评价指数(RAC)和固废重金属毒性浸出方法评价了污泥中重金属生态危害风险和浸出毒性风险.结果表明,污泥样品中Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn含量较高,不同来源污水处理污泥中重金属含量差别较大.污泥样品中重金属绝大部分以非稳定态存在,酸性污泥中可迁移的酸溶态重金属比例较高.由单一萃取结果,1 mol·L-1NaOAc溶液(pH 5.0)和0.02 mol·L-1EDTA+0.5 mol·L-1NH4OAc溶液(pH 4.6)分别对酸性和碱性污泥中生物可利用态重金属具有较好的萃取能力.污泥酸性越强,其中生物可利用态重金属比例越大.污泥中重金属的迁移能力使其处于高生态危害风险程度;重金属的生物可利用性使酸性污泥大多处于极高危害风险程度,而使碱性污泥大多处于中等危害风险水平.除城市污水处理污泥外,污泥样品中重金属具有高的浸出毒性风险,萃取重金属生物可利用态后,污泥仍具有高浸出毒性风险,但由于浸出毒性风险降低使部分污泥可进行填埋处置.Contents of heavy metals in different sewage sludges were analyzed and the speciation distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals were investigated, and the risk assessment code （RAC） and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure for solid waste were used to evaluate the potential ecological risk and leaching toxicity risk of heavy metals in sludge samples, respectively. The results showed that contents of Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn were high and presented a great difference by different sources in sewage sludges. Most of heavy metals existed in non-residual fractions and percentages of the mobile fraction （ acid soluble fraction） of heavy metals in acidic sludge were higher. According to the results of single extraction, 1 mol. L-l NaOAc solution（ pH 5.0） and 0.02 mol. L- l EDTA ＋ 0.5 mol. L-1 NH40Ac solution （pH 4. 6）were suitable for evaluating bioavailable heavy metals in acidic and alkaline sludge, respectively. Percentages of bioavailable heavy metals were higher with the stronger of sludge acidity. The mobile ability of heavy metals resulted in the high ecological risk of sludge samples, and the bioavailability of heavy metals caused acidic sludges with a very high ecological risk but alkaline sludges with the middle ecological risk. Leaching toxicity risk was very high in sludge samples except domestic sewage sludge. After the removal of bioavailable heavy metals, leaching toxicity risk of sludge samples was still high in spite of its decrease; however, part type of sludges could be implemented landfill disposal.

关 键 词：城市污水污泥 重金属 形态特征 生态危害风险 浸出毒性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4