施用肥料添加剂对太湖地区水稻产量、氮素吸收利用及氮平衡的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer Additive Application on Rice Yield, Nitrogen(N) Absorption, Utilization and N Balance in Taihu Lake Region

作　　者：李文军[1,2] 夏永秋[2] 杨奇勇[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院资源环境与旅游学院,湖南常德415000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2014年第1期118-122,共5页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划(973)项目"主要粮食作物高产栽培与资源高效利用的基础研究"(编号:2009CB118603)

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究三个供氮水平下(施氮50 kg/hm2、150 kg/hm2、250 kg/hm2)施用肥料添加剂对苏南太湖地区水稻产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤氮平衡的影响。结果表明,施氮和肥料添加剂对水稻产量、氮肥吸收利用及表观损失氮均有显著影响,但只有在水稻产量和氮肥农学利用率指标上二者表现出显著的交互作用(P<0.05);随施氮量增加,水稻产量、累积吸氮量、土壤残留无机氮(Nmin)、表观损失氮增加,氮肥吸收利用率和农学利用率降低;与单施尿素相比,尿素配施肥料添加剂可进一步增加水稻产量、累积吸氮量,并能提升氮肥利用率和降低表观损失氮量,且该效应总体上随施氮量增加而愈趋明显;施用肥料添加剂对水稻营养生长期的氮素积累影响要明显强于生殖生长期。在本研究条件下,综合分析水稻产量、氮肥利用及氮平衡指标,不施用肥料添加剂时,施氮150 kg/hm2可获得较好的农学和环境效应。A field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region of south Jiangsu Province to study the effects of fertilizer additive application on rice yield, N absorption, utilization and N balance when the N rate was arranged for 50 kg/hm^2, 150 kg/hm^2 and 250 kg/hm^2 respectively. The results showed that applying N and fertilizer additive have significant （P〈0.05） impacts on the rice yield, N absorption, utilization and apparent N loss, but only showed significant （P〈0.05） interaction when rice yield and N agronomy efficiency were analyzed. The rice yield, N accumulation, soil residual Nmn and apparent N loss increased with increasing nitrogen, while the N recovery efficiency and agronomy efficiency decreased. Applying fertilizer additive further improved the rice yield, N accumulation, N utilization efficiency and decreased the apparent N loss, and this effect was more evident along with the increment of N application rates. It also indicated that fertilizer additive treatments had a much better effect on N accumulation of rice in vegetative stages other than that in reproductive stage. In terms office yield, N utilization and N balance indices, applying 150 kg/hm^2 of N fertilizer without the application of fertilizer additive could benefit rice production by gaining relatively better agronomic and environmental effects.

关 键 词：苏南太湖地区 水稻产量 氮素吸收利用 氮平衡 肥料添加剂 

分 类 号：S143.16[农业科学—肥料学] S154.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]