公共问题与治理体系——国家治理体系与能力现代化的问题基础  

Public Problems and Governance System: The Problem's Foundations for Modernization of the National Governance System and Capacity

作　　者：杨冠琼[1] 刘雯雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2014年第2期15-23,共9页Chinese Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"合作行为的博弈论与计算模拟研究"(编号:13AZD093)

摘　　要：国家治理体系与能力现代化,本质上是国家治理体系与其面临的公共问题之间的不断契合的过程。作为化解公共问题的工具,国家治理体系与其面临的公共问题复杂性的契合度越高,国家治理能力越大。任何一个社会面临的公共问题,都具有社会和文化嵌入性、时空依赖性与知识、理性和技术依赖性,因而公共问题具有动态复杂性的性质。这一性质表现为多重嵌入性、动态演化性、宏观涌现性、主观建构性、自组织临界性以及不确定性等特征。根据阿什比定律,公共问题的动态复杂性要求化解与应对公共问题的国家治理体系必须具有与其相适应的性质。推进国家治理体系与能力现代化,必须重构与当代公共问题动态复杂性相适应的国家治理体系,为此应坚持网络化结构、利益相关者或公民为中心、协商与共识达成、公共价值增殖效应最大化、社会自组织与协同能力激发以及信任、互惠与合作能力促进等原则。The modernization of state governance system and its capacity is essentially a recursive loop of associative matching process of the governance system to the complexity of public problems. As a tool to deal with the public problems, the more fitter of the governance system to the complexity of public problems, the more effective it is in coping with its problems. Public problems any society confronts are social and cultural embedded, time--space bound as well as knowledge--rationality--technology hound, and therefore are of the nature of dynamic complexity. The nature is asso- ciated with the characteristics of multiple embeddedness, dynamic evolution, macro--emergence, subjective construc- tion, self--organization and uncertainty. The governance system coping with the public problems needs to be at least of the same natures and characteristics inherited in the problems according to Ashby＇s Law of requisite variety. The governance system should be thus framed to have the same complexity inherent in the problems to promote the mod- ernization of governance system and its capacity. To do this, the principles such as network structures, citizen--cen- tered, negotiation or consensus attaining, public value maximizing, and social self-- organizing, trust and reciprocity promoting, need to be maintained.

关 键 词：国家治理体系现代化 公共问题 复杂适应性 阿什比定律 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]