住宅小区室外微气候及热岛潜势分析  

Outdoor micro-climate of residential district to predict heat island potential

作　　者：马卫武[1] 张翼[1] 吴春玲[2] 余雷模[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学能源科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中国建筑科学研究院天津分院,天津300384

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第12期5117-5124,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(20976200);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2012M521557)

摘　　要：采用数值模拟方法并结合实测数据分析居住小区室外微气候特点,给出2种改进方案并分析比较不同方案的风环境与热环境特点,提出基于表面平均温度的改进热岛潜势(improved heat island potential,IHIP),以IHIP综合评价不同方案下的小区热岛效应强度,研究化率对小区IHIP的影响,计算得到小区绿化率与IHIP的关系式。研究结果表明:从小区表面平均温度分布来看,道路表面温度>屋顶表面温度>日照区地面温度>日照区墙面温度>日影区墙面温度>日影区地面温度>绿地表面温度;对于相同材质的道路,顺着来流风向的道路表面平均温度比垂直于来流风向的道路温度低3.1℃;合理的建筑布局可以使得小区风速更加均匀,有助于降低小区内空气的温度;选择合适的小区建筑表面材料可以显著降低建筑表面温度,使得IHIP明显降低;小区绿化率每增加10%,IHIP降低2℃左右。Combined with measured data, numerical simulation was used to analyze the characteristics of outdoor micro-climate of a residential district. Wind environment and thermal environment were analyzed in two improved schemes. Based on the average tempera^tre of the surface, improved heat island potential （IHIP） was put forward, which was used to evaluate the heat island intensity in different schemes. The relationship between green rate and the IHIP value was established to study the influence of green coverage rate on the IH/P of the residential district. The results show that the temperature of building surfaces with different physical parameters has significant difference, and that the temperature ranging from high to low is road surface, roof surface, ground surface in sunshine area, wall surface in sunshine area, ground surface in shadow area, plant surface, and the temperature of the road surface parallel with the air flow is higher than that of the road perpendicular to the air flow by 3.1 ℃, even though the roads have same physical parameters. The reasonable residential buildings layout results in uniform air velocity distribution, which contributes to the decrease the air temperature of residential district. The temperature of building surface with suitable materials drops markedly. Every 10% increase in green rate leads to 2 ℃ decrease in IHIP.

关 键 词：热岛潜势 室外微气候 风环境 热环境 建筑表面材料 小区建筑布局 

分 类 号：TU241.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]