白蚁表皮碳氢化合物研究进展  

Research progress in cuticular hydrocarbons of termites

作　　者：杨锦锦[1] 嵇保中[1] 刘曙雯 曹丹丹[1] 张新慰[1] 冀士琳 刘佳佳[1] Ehsan SOLEYMANINEJADIAN 汪洪江[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037 [2]南京中山陵园管理局,南京210014

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2013年第12期1480-1488,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20123204110001);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2012816);南京市建委;中山陵园管理局资助课题(200409);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(164010641)

摘　　要：近年来,固相微萃取等现代技术的使用显著促进了白蚁表皮碳氢化合物研究的开展。至今,已有约29种白蚁的表皮碳氢化合物组分得到鉴定,分属于木白蚁科、鼻白蚁科、原白蚁科和白蚁科,其组分主要为正烷烃、含有不同数量甲基的支链烷烃及少量烯烃。白蚁表皮碳氢化合物不仅具有一定的科、属特异性,大多数种类还具备特有组分,表明其可作为种间识别的指标。表皮碳氢化合物组分在种内个体识别方面的作用,在低等白蚁中多获得了支持性结果,但也有研究认为在这些种类中表皮碳氢化合物不是种内个体识别(同巢个体识别)的唯一指标。发现其与品级分化的相关是近年来白蚁表皮碳氢化合物研究的重要进展。有些种类表皮碳氢化合物的年消长与生殖蚁的分化有关;而另一些种类生殖蚁含有表皮碳氢化合物特有组分,其含量与生殖蚁的生殖状态有关,提示其可能在品级分化中发挥重要作用。作为研究白蚁品级分化和维持机理的新方向,表皮碳氢化合物值得进一步研究探索。In recent years, the use of solid-phase micro-extraction and other modern technologies has significantly promoted the advances in the field of cuticular hydrocarbons of termites. So far, cuticular hydrocarbon components of 29 species of termites have been identified. The reported termites belong to Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termopsidae and Termitidae, respectively. The main compositions of cuticular hydrocarbons are n-alkanes, methyl-branched alkanes and a small amount of alkenes. Termite cuticular hydrocarbons have not only family- and genus-specific to some degree, but many kinds of termites also contain species-specific cuticular hydrocarbon components, suggesting that cuticular hydrocarbons of termites can be used for species identification. As to the role of cuticular hydrocarbons in nestmate recognition, most of the researches in lower termites got supportive results, meaning that they can be used for nestmate recognition. However, some researches show that cuticular hydrocarbons are not the only cue of nestmate recognition. The finding of the correlation between cuticular hydrocarbons and caste differentiation of termites is an important progress in recent years. The seasonal shift in proportions of hydrocarbons correlates with the production of alates in some species of termites. In other species, the reproductives contain some characteristic compositions. Changes in the quantity of cuticular hydrocarbon components in the reproductives are related to their reproductive status. The results suggest that these components may play an important role in caste differentiation of termites. As a new research direction on the mechanisms of caste differentiation and maintenance, cuticular hydrocarbons are worthy of further research and exploration.

关 键 词：白蚁 表皮碳氢化合物 化学组分 种间识别 种内识别 品级分化 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]