轮耕与隔灌对麦玉两熟光合特性的影响  

Effects of Rotational Tillage and Alternate Border Irrigation on Photosynthetic Characters of Wheat-maize Double Crops

作　　者：张盼峰[1] 杨鹏[2] 焦念元[1] 汪江涛[1] 杨萌珂[1] 宁堂原[3] 付国占[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]河南科技大学图书馆,河南洛阳471003 [3]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第1期131-137,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);河南省教育厅科技攻关项目(13A210235);农业部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室开放基金(2012KF01)

摘　　要：为了探明轮耕与隔畦交替灌溉实现麦玉两熟周年均衡增产、提高周年水分利用效率的光合机理，本试验研究了旋耕-深耕轮耕和隔畦交替灌溉对小麦、玉米功能叶的叶绿素、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用效率、气孔导度和周年灌水生产效率的影响。结果表明：常年旋耕后深耕，显著提高了小麦、玉米生育后期功能叶的SPAD值，提高了气孔导度和净光合速率，周年产量提高了6．7％～13．0％，周年灌水生产效率提高了12．2％；与全灌相比，隔畦交替灌溉的小麦、玉米功能叶净光合速率没有显著降低，明显降低了小麦的蒸腾速率，周年产量仅降低了2．7％，灌水生产效率却提高了41．3％，达到152．5kg·hm^2mm^-1。这表明常年旋耕后深耕有利于提高小麦、玉米功能叶的SPAD值、净光合速率和周年产量，隔畦交替灌溉后显著提高小麦、玉米周年灌水生产效率，这对进一步探索深耕-旋耕轮耕制和改进农田灌溉方式，提高黄淮海麦玉产量和灌水生产效率提供了重要理论依据。To elucidate the photosynthetic mechanism of rotational tillage and alternate border irrigation increasing the anniversary yield and irrigation water production efficiency of wheat-maize double crops, a field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of rotary tillage-deep tillage rotational tillage and alternate border irrigation on SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency of wheat-maize double crops function leaves and anniversary irrigational water production efficiency. Results showed that deep tillage after years of rotary tillage could significantly raise the SPAD value in function leaf of wheat-maize in later growth, improve the stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate, and increase anniversary yield and water production efficiency by 6.7% -13.0% and 12.2%, respectively. Compared with full irrigation, alternative border irrigation did not significantly reduce function leaf net photosynthetic rate of wheat-maize double crops, butobviously reduced the transpiration rate of wheat, and decreased anniversary yield by only 2.7%. But anniversary irrigational water production efficiency was increased by 41.3% to 152.5 kg·hm^2mm^-1 It suggested that rotational tillage of rotary tillage,deep tillage increased SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of wheat-maize function leaves, and increased anniversary yield of wheat-maize double crops. Alternate border irrigation increased anniversary irrigation water product efficiency of wheat- maize double crops, which provided an important theoretical basis to further explore the rotational tillage of rotary tillage and deep tillage, to improve the farmland irrigation method, and to improve anniversary yield and water production efficiency of wheat-maize double crops in Huang Huai Hai Plain of China.

关 键 词：轮耕 隔畦交替灌溉 麦玉两熟 光合特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S513