“恋爱”之发生与现代文学观念变迁  

The Occurrence of "Love" and Conceptual Changes in Modern Literature

作　　者：杨联芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2014年第1期158-180,208,共23页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"西方性别理论与中国现代文学思潮研究"阶段性成果;项目编号11BZW123

摘　　要：借助翻译,"恋爱"一词在20世纪初进入现代汉语,使"男女之情"在方式、体验、意义与评价上,因新的命名而发生改变,并进入公共话语,成为中国新伦理建构的突破口,产生了从晚清到"五四"一系列新道德命题及与之相应的新文学作品。晚清倡导的"自由结婚",确立了婚姻以恋爱为前提、以当事人自决为主导的现代意识,并开创了文明结婚新风尚。民初,"恋爱"一词在本土化过程中一度污名化,导致专写恋爱的言情小说普遍规避此词;但哀情小说对爱情精神品质的普遍推崇,却为五四时期"恋爱神圣"的出场奠定了基础。西方理论影响下建构的五四时期恋爱理论,有"恋爱自由"与"自由恋爱"的细微差异,体现了新文化共同体内部意识形态的分歧。五四恋爱文学在空间意象和恋爱描写上的开拓与创新,解构了压抑个人自由的家长权威,颠覆了传统道德,也开拓了文学的表现领域。但对个人自由的单纯追求,也导致五四浪漫文学存在情感泛滥、表现肤浅的弱点,未能将"恋爱"的体验与表现引向深入。Courtesy of translation,the word'love'(lian'ai 恋爱)entered the modern Chinese language in the early 20th century,leading to changes in the mode,experience,meaning and evaluation of'feelings between men and women'by virtue of this new nomenclature.The word entered public discourse and became the point of entry for new Chinese ethical construction,spawning a series of new moral propositions from the late Qing to the May Fourth Movement together with corresponding works of new literature.The'free marriage'advocated in late Qing confirmed the modern consciousness of marriage premised on love and determined primarily by the will of the parties themselves,initiating a new style of civilized marriage.In the early Republican period,the word'love'was temporarily stigmatized in the course of localization,with the result that it was generally avoided in romantic fiction.However,the widespread cult of the spiritual character of love in novels of tragic love laid the foundation for the emergence of'the sanctity of love'in the May Fourth period.The theory of love constructed at this time under the influence of Western theories made subtle distinctions between the'freedom of love'and'free love,'reflecting the ideological divergence within the new culture community.In terms of spatial imagery and descriptions of love,the pioneering creation of romantic literature during the May Fourth period deconstructed the patriarchal authority that suppressed individual freedom,undermining traditional morality,and opened up the literary sphere of expression.But since the pure pursuit of individual freedom also led to weaknesses such as outpourings of emotion and superficial expression,May Fourth romantic literature could not take the experiences and expression of love to a deeper level.

关 键 词：恋爱 清末民初 新道德 新文学 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]