株行距配置对高产夏玉米冠层结构及籽粒灌浆特性的影响  

Effects of row spacing on canopy structure and grain-filling characteristics of high-yield summer maiz

作　　者：魏珊珊[1] 王祥宇[1] 董树亭[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第2期441-450,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171497);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB100105);农业部玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02);山东省良种工程玉米重大课题(鲁农良种字[2013]1号)资助

摘　　要：在75000株·hm-2种植密度下,选用郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,设置2种行距配置(等行距、宽窄行)和3种留苗方式(每穴1株、每穴2株、每穴3株),研究了6种种植方式对黄淮海地区高产夏玉米产量构成、吐丝后冠层结构及光合性能的调控作用,并以Richards模型拟合籽粒灌浆过程.结果表明:产量、干物质积累量、作物生长率、灌浆速率、冠层光合能力等均表现为宽窄行处理高于等行距处理,留苗方式以每穴2株最高.各种植方式中以宽窄行每穴2株种植产量最高,达13.12(郑单958)和13.72(先玉335)t·hm-2.宽窄行每穴2株种植改善了冠层内部光照状况,净光合速率和叶面积指数均有所提高,同时缓解了植株个体与群体间的矛盾,籽粒灌浆能力增强,干物质积累量提高.因此,宽窄行每穴2株种植是黄淮海夏玉米高产条件下产量提高的有效栽培方式.Using two summer maize （Zea mays L.） varieties Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, a field experiment was conducted to study the regulatory effects of row-spacing （equidistant row and narrow-wide row） and plant-spot spacing arrangement （1 plant per spot, 2 plants per spot, 3 plants per spot） on grain yield components, canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics after anthesis under plant population density 7.5×104 plants·hm-2. Moreover, the characters of grain-filling were simulated by Richards’model. The results suggested that yield, dry matter accumulated, crop growth rate, grainfilling rate, canopy photosynthesis capacity were higher under widenarrow row than under equidistant row, and were higher for 2 plants per spot than for 1 or 3 plants per spot. The highest maize yields （13.12 and 13.72 t·hm-2 for Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335, respectively） were observed under widenarrow row with 2 plants per spot. Under this pattern, internal illumination condition of the canopy, net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index were improved, and the contradiction between the plant individual and group was alleviated. Meanwhile, grainfilling capacity was promoted and accumulated amount of dry matter was elevated ultimately. It was concluded that widenarrow pattern with 2 plants per spot is an effective cultivation pattern to increase maize yield in HuangHuaiHai Plain.

关 键 词：种植方式 夏玉米 冠层结构 光合特性 籽粒灌浆 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]