不同覆膜集雨种植方式对旱地玉米叶绿素荧光特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of plastic film mulching and rain harvesting modes on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize

作　　者：李尚中[1] 樊廷录[2] 王勇[1] 赵刚[1] 王磊[1] 唐小明[1] 党翼[1] 赵晖 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院科研管理处,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业职业技术学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第2期458-466,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2013AA102902);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104);国家玉米产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-66)资助

摘　　要：于2007—2012年在黄土旱塬采用田间试验,比较了双垄面全膜覆盖沟播、双垄面半膜覆盖沟播、垄盖膜际播种和露地平播下,玉米叶绿素荧光动力学参数、产量和水分利用效率的差异.结果表明:全膜双垄沟播玉米叶片荧光产量(F o)、最大荧光(F m)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(F v/F m)、光适应状态下PSⅡ反应中心完全开放时的荧光强度(F)、光适应状态下PSⅡ反应中心完全关闭时的荧光强度(F m')、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、叶绿素荧光光化学猝灭(q P)、非光化学猝灭(q N)等玉米叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化值均高于对照(露地平播),1-q P值低于对照,在13:00时,全膜双垄沟播处理叶绿素荧光参数值与对照差异显著,依次较对照增加5.3%、56.8%、10.7%、36.3%、23.6%、56.7%、64.4%、45.5%、23.6%,1-q P值较对照低55.6%.无论是在干旱、平水、丰水年份,还是冰雹灾害年份,全膜双垄沟播产量和水分利用效率均最高.2007—2012年6年间全膜双垄沟播平均产量和水分利用效率分别为12650 kg·hm-2和40.4 kg·mm-1·hm-2,分别比对照提高57.8%和61.6%,显著高于双垄面半膜覆盖沟播和垄盖膜际播种.表明全膜双垄沟播显著提高了玉米叶片光能转化效率,提升了旱作区玉米的生产能力,是进一步挖掘降水利用潜力和高产田创建的有效途径.The differences on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and water use efficiency of dryland maize were compared among full plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows （FFDRF）, half plastic film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows （HFDRF）, plastic film mulching on ridge and planting in filmside （FS）, and flat planting with no plastic film mulching （NM） under field conditions in dry highland of Loess Plateau in 2007-2012.The results showed that fluorescence yield （Fo）, the maximum fluorescence yield （Fm）, lightadapted fluorescence yield when PSⅡ reaction centers were totally open （F）, lightadapted fluorescence yield when PSⅡ reaction centers closed （Fm′）, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fm）, the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light （ΦPSⅡ）, the relative electron transport rate （ETR）, photochemical quenching （qP） and nonphotochemical quenching （qN） in maize leaves of FFDRF were higher than that of control （NM）, and the value of 1-qP was lower than that of control, at 13：00, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters values of FFDRF was significantly higher than control, which were increased by 5.3%, 568%, 10.7%, 36.3%, 23.6%, 56.7%, 64.4%, 45.5%, 23.6% and -55.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Yield and water use efficiency of FFDRF were the highest in every year no matter dry year, normal year, humid year and hail disaster year. Average yield and water use efficiency of FFDRF were 12650 kg·hm-2 and 40.4 kg·mm-1·hm-2 during 2007-2012, increased by 57.8% and 61.6% compared with the control, respectively, and also significantly higher compared with HFDRF and PS. Therefore, it was concluded that FFDRF had significantly increased the efficiency of light energy conversion and improved the production capacity of dryland maize.

关 键 词：旱地 覆膜集雨种植 叶绿素荧光参数 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]