半滑舌鳎白化现象的初步研究  

Preliminary study on the albinism of half-smooth tongue sole( Cynoglossus semilaevis)

作　　者：李仰真[1] 陈松林[1] 邢贺飞 吴娅红 孙何军 王晓夏[1,2] 李仲明 邵长伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点开放实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]昌邑市三新海洋苗业实验场,山东昌邑261300

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第1期76-83,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项(200903046);国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2012AA10A403-2);山东省泰山学者建设工程专项经费

摘　　要：通过建立半滑舌鳎家系对其白化现象进行了初步研究。实验共建立半滑舌鳎家系17个，首先对这17个家系白化率进行了抽样统计和方差分析，并对部分家系的白化个体的眼睛异常率进行了统计；其次，选取其中白化率较高的4个家系，对白化个体和正常个体的生长情况进行了对比；最后，对白化率较高的4个家系白化个体和正常个体的抗鳗弧菌病能力进行了比较。结果发现，不同家系个体白化率有较大的差别，3号家系白化率最高，高达94．50％，15号、33号和37号家系白化率为0．00％；父本为养殖群体的家系的平均白化率最高，为19．68％，父本为野生群体的家系的平均白化率最低，为3．21％，父本为选育群体的平均白化率为7．50％，但3者之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；3个家系的白化个体眼睛异常率较高，5号家系为48．48％、10号家系为45．83％和12号家系为88．89％。选取4个家系对其白化个体和正常个体的生长情况进行比较发现，同一家系中3～4月龄白化个体在全长、体宽和体质量方面均显著或极显著小于正常个体，但生长至12～13月龄时，这种差异基本不显著，1号和17号家系白化个体的全长、体宽和体质量甚至超过了同家系的正常个体；1号和17号家系白化个体的日增重分别超过了同家系的正常个体。对选取的4个家系的白化个体和正常个体进行鳗弧菌感染实验发现，白化个体的死亡率均低于同家系正常个体，l号和17号家系的白化个体的抗病性相对同家系正常个体较突出，死亡率分别比正常个体低24．92％和20．25％。研究表明，半滑舌鳎野生群体的后代白化率较低，白化现象会伴随一定比例的眼睛异常，白化个体初期生长较慢，后期生长加快，甚至会超过正常个体，并且同一家系中白化个体的抗病性要优于正常个体。Abstract： This paper studied the albinism of half-smooth tongue sole by establishing families, and 17 half- smooth tongue sole families were established. Firstly, sampling statistics and variance analysis have been conducted for the albinism rate, including statistics for the eyes abnormal rate of albinistic individuals in given families. Secondly, the growth of albinos and normal individuals in 4 higher albinism rate families was compared. Finally,the resistance to Vibrio anguillarum was tested in the 4 given families for the albinistic and normal individuals respectively. The results are as follows： the albinism rates in different Families were quite different,the albinism rate in Family 3 is the highest which was 94.50% , and that in Families 15,33 and 37 was 0.00% ; while the families whose sire is cultured population have the highest average albinism rate, which is 19.68% , while the families whose sire is wild population have the lowest albinism rate, which is 3.21%. The average albinism rate of the families whose sire is selected population is 7.50% , however, there is no significant difference among them （P 〉 0.05 ）. There are 3 families that the albinism rate was higher,the albinism rate of Family 5 is 48.48% , that of Family 10 is 45.83% , and that of Family 12 is 88.89%. 4 families were selected for comparison of their albinos and normal individuals growth, and we found that the growth of albinistic individuals whose age was 3 to 4 months was slower or significantly slower than normal individuals in total length and body width and body weight in the same family, whereas, when they were 12 to 13 months old,this kind of difference was not significant any more,and albinos inFamily 1 and Family 17 even exceeded normal individuals in total length and body width and body weight. Albinistic and normal individuals in 4 given families were injected with V. anguillarum, and we found that the mortality rate of albinistic individuals was lower than that of the normal individuals in the same family respec

关 键 词：半滑舌鳎 白化 家系 鳗弧菌 

分 类 号：S965.3[农业科学—水产养殖]