有机质亚/超临界水液化研究进展  

Status and progress of liquefaction of organics by sub/supercritical water

作　　者：王敏丽[1] 陈会会[1] 关清卿[1,2] 宁平[1] 谷俊杰[1] 田森林[1] 韦朝海[2] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500 [2]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《化工进展》2014年第2期337-345,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：云南省高端科技人才引进计划(2010CI110);云南重大科技专项(2012ZB002);国家自然科学基金(21307049);云南应用基础研究(2013FZ032);昆明理工大学校人培基金(14118583)项目

摘　　要：亚/超临界水具有独特理化特性,如能高效溶解、快速传质及有效打断高分子碳链,使得亚/超临界水液化成为有机质制油的高效手段。本文总结了典型有机质如纤维素、木质素、藻类、煤及聚合物亚/超临界水液化的过程,概述了其亚/超临界水液化特点及产物油特征,并阐明了液化过程机理,总结了裂解/热解反应、杂原子脱出反应、缩聚反应等关键反应;针对液化油升级及脱除杂质技术,总结了均相催化剂如H3PO4、K2CO3、KOH等的催化特点及机理,分析了非均相催化剂如Ni、Mo、Pt等提高油品质的催化技术特点及目前对杂元素氧、氮、硫等脱氧脱除技术研究概况。最后对亚/超临界水液化初油存在品质不高、含多种杂原子等问题及如何提高初油、脱除杂原子技术研究进行了总结,并展望了工业放大过程中的瓶颈与策略,为未来工业运用提供基础。Sub/supercritical water has unique physical and chemical properties,such as higher solubility,rapid diffusion and efficiency of C-C cleavage,making its use an effective way of liquefaction of organics to produce fuel. In this work SCW liquefaction of several typical organics, such as cellulose,lignin,algae,coal,and polymer was analyzed and the products from those processes were summarized. Additionally,the mechanisms of SCW liquefaction were clarified and key reactions （hydrolysis,prolapse heteroatom and polycondensation）were presented. For further understanding of fuel product upgrading,deoxygenating and hydrogenating technologies,the mechanisms and features of homogeneous catalyst,such as H3PO4,K2CO3,KOH and heterogeneous catalysts,such as Ni, Mo,Pt were also analyzed and summarized. Finally,the shortcomings,such low quality and presence of hetero elements of the current SCW liquefaction technology and the means for upgrading were presented. The bottlenecks and strategies of scale-up were proposed,providing a basis for future application.

关 键 词：亚 超临界水 液化 有机质 催化升级 

分 类 号：TQ03-39[化学工程] TQ517.4