秸秆炭基肥料挤压造粒成型优化及主要性能  

Straw carbon based fertilizer granulation molding optimization and its main properties

作　　者：马欢欢[1] 周建斌[2] 王刘江 马叶[1] 刘斌[1] 高璜[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学化学工程学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [3]江西省林业科学院,南昌330013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第5期270-276,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2010CB732205);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD30BOO);林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201304611);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2011BAD15B05-04)

摘　　要：炭基肥料是以生物炭为基质与其他肥料复合而成的新型肥料,能有效提高土壤的肥力和透气能力,同时具有对肥料的缓释效果等。为了炭基肥料成型工艺优化及工业化生产,该文以复混肥料的国家标准为参考,尿素、过磷酸钙、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钾作为提供氮磷钾元素的基础肥料,并以秸秆炭为基质,着重讨论了成型前加水量、有无添加胶黏剂和成型前物料粒度对炭基肥料成型的影响。研究成型炭基肥料的较佳工艺为基础肥料质量分数占70.36%,总养分的质量分数为28%,其中N:P2O5:K2O养分质量比为10:8:10,秸秆炭质量分数16.64%,不加研磨,配以13%的水,搅拌均匀常温造粒成型;并对在此条件下成型后的炭基肥料养分含量、含水率、溶水性、强度、pH值和对土壤化学性质的影响等性能进行表征,指标如下:氮质量分数为10.07%,水溶性磷质量分数5.47%,有效磷质量分数8.38%,水溶性磷占有效磷65.27%,钾质量分数10.45%,水分质量分数3.24%,机械强度85%以上,pH值为6.41。实测结果符合国家相应标准,工艺设计简单可行,进而为炭基肥料的工业生产提供参考。In recent years, the fertility of cultivated land in China has declined significantly due to excessive reclamation. As a result, chemical fertilizer is widely used to increase the fertility of the soil. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer results in many side effects such as soil pollution, water pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of environmentally friendly chemical fertilizer and its preparation method. China has a large number of biomass resources. For example, the crop straw produces as many as 700 million tons each year. With the enhancement of environmental protection consciousness and development of biomass thermo-chemical conversion technology, the biomass resources are widely used in the preparation of biomass biochar, bio-oil and gas. Biochar is the solid product of pyrolysis obtained from crop straw and other biomass materials under the restriction or absence of oxygen conditions. Scientific and rational application of biochar in soil is beneficial for increasing the soil fertility, because it can not only compensate for the consumption of soil organic matter, but it also improves the soil pH value and further increases the production of crops. Carbon based fertilizer, which is a new compound fertilizer mixed by biomass carbon and other fertilizers, has been regarded as one of the most effective methods for the application of biochar in soil. With rich pore structure, carbon based fertilizer can increase the soil fertility, improve venting capability, and slow down the release rate of fertilizer, etc. The present studies of carbon based fertilizers focus on the mixture of biochar and a base fertilizer applied into the soil without granulation molding. However, this cannot be industrialized because of the limitation of transportation, storage and other aspects. Moreover, adhesive is required in granulation molding, which will corrode equipment, complicate the production process, increase economic investment, and bring about side effects to the so

关 键 词：秸秆 肥料 性能 生物炭 炭基肥料 

分 类 号：TQ44[化学工程—化学肥料工业]