景德镇官窑紫金釉组成及呈色特征  

Chemical Composition and Chromaticity Characteristic of Purple-Gold Glaze of Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln

作　　者：吴军明[1] 李其江[1] 张茂林[1] 吴隽[1] 丁银忠[2] 曹建文[1] 刘晓婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷学院,江西景德镇333001 [2]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2014年第3期827-832,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51162017;11205073);教育部人文社科项目(10YJC780013);新世纪优秀人才支持计划;景德镇市科技计划项目资助

摘　　要：颜色釉是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一,明清时期官窑颜色釉更是其中的杰出代表,蕴含着丰富的科技和文化内涵。采用能量色散X荧光仪和色差计,首次较为系统地分析了景德镇明清官窑紫金釉瓷的胎、釉化学组成和色度值,初步探讨了不同时期官窑紫金釉的组成、配方和呈色特征,及其内在原因。研究表明,紫金釉中钙、镁含量不同于景德镇同时期其他釉种,应刻意选用了镁含量较高的赤褐色或褐色石灰石炼制釉灰入釉;明代紫金釉中镁、铁含量高于清代样品,导致其釉层表面富铁晶体的析出,降低了釉面的明度和光泽度,这也是景德镇明代官窑紫金釉外观呈色更为深沉古朴的主要原因。此外,景德镇明清时期官窑紫金釉瓷胎组成具有"高硅低铝"的特征,且从明代至清代SiO2/Al2O3摩尔比呈下降趋势,表明清代紫金釉制品胎体中高岭土的添加比例有所提高。实验结果填补了我国陶瓷科技发展史研究中关于景德镇明清官窑紫金釉部分的不足,为全面认识景德镇官窑制瓷技术和内涵价值提供了一定的科学素材。Color glaze is one of the four famous traditional ceramics of Jingdezhen ,especially for the products from Ming and Qing Dynasties’ official kilns which have rich connotation of technology and culture .The chemical composition and chromaticity characteristic of glaze and body of purple-gold glaze samples from Jingdezhen Ming and Qing Dynasties’ official kilns were ana-lyzed by energy dispersive X ray fluorescence （EDXRF） and colorimeter .Preliminary study on the composition ,formula and chromaticity characteristic of glaze of purple-gold glaze samples of different period was carried out and the intrinsic causes of differences were discussed .The result shows that the concentration of magnesium and calcium in purple-gold glaze is different from the other glazes in Jingdezhen in the same time ,probably due to the addition of auburn or brown limestone which is rich in magnesium .The purple-gold glaze sample of Ming Dynasty is darker chiefly because the concentration of magnesium and calcium is higher than the sample of Ming Dynasty which led to iron crystal separated ,reducing the brightness and glossiness of glaze .In addition ,the body of purple-gold glaze samples from Jingdezhen Ming and Qing Dynasties’ official kilns has the characteristics of high silicon and low aluminum and the molar ratio of silicon to aluminum of samples from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty de-clined ,showing that the concentration of kaolin of sample’s body of Ming dynasty was increased .The result of this experiment fill deficiency in the ceramic science and technology research in our country about purple-gold glaze from Ming and Qing Dynas-ties’ official kilns and provides scientific material for comprehensive understanding of porcelain marking technology and intrinsic value of Jingdezhen official kiln .

关 键 词：景德镇 官窑 紫金釉 组成 色度 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学]