宋代图经与九域图志:从资料到系统知识  

Map Guides(图经 Tujing) in the Song Dynasty and the Illustrated Gazetteer of Nine Regions:from Source of Material to Systematic Knowledge

作　　者：潘晟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学社会发展学院,副教授南京210097

出　　处：《历史研究》2014年第1期79-96,190-191,共18页Historical Research

基　　金：南京师范大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(编号1209005)中期成果之一

摘　　要：宋初,州郡一级政区的图经,作为官文书向上奏进,属于档案。朝廷根据这些州郡图经,依据统治需要,再组织人员修撰成"天下图经",成一代之著述。在《祥符图经》前,州郡所上多为胥吏编集而成,此后则主要由文学之士负责。而此种变化,对于图经在宋代之演变具有重要作用,一方面它推进了州郡图经由档案资料而为系统著述的进程,使档案知识转而成为具有一定系统性,能够在较广范围内传播的地理书,其知识从档案性质的秘密的权力资料,转而成为具有权威性和可公开传播的知识;另一方面,在王朝政治变迁中,它又逐渐被其他形式所取代。崇宁间"九域图志所"的设置,进一步改变了依据地方定期奏报资料编纂王朝地理书的做法,而直接设置编纂机构,以临时奏进之资料及各类著述为基础编辑王朝地理书。至此,定期的州郡地理资料奏进制度基本被废止,王朝地理知识完全从档案式资料的生产走向设官置局的系统性知识生产。At the beginning of the Song Dynasty,map guides(图经tujing)covering the prefectural administrative divisions of zhouand jun were treated as official documents;they were submitted to court and filed in the archives.The court then organized personnel to compile,on the basis of the prefectural guides,Tianxia Tujing(天下图经 A Map Guide to the Country),as required for government needs.Until the compilation of the Xiangfu Map Guide(祥符图经),most of the map guides submitted by the prefectures were compiled by sub-official functionaries,but thereafter they were compiled by the literati.This change played an important role in the evolution of Song map guides.On the one hand,it advanced the process by which the prefectural map guides moved from being archival materials to systematic works,so that archival knowledge became systematic in nature and circulated as geographical texts in a relatively wide sphere.The knowledge they contained ceased to be secret archival material for the powerful and became authoritative knowledge that could be openly disseminated.On the other hand,as dynastic politics changed,the map guide gradually yielded ground to other forms.The setting up of Illustrated Gazetteer of the Nine Regions Bureau in Chongning(1102-1106)further changed the way in which imperial geographical works were compiled on the basis of regular reports sent up by local governments.Instead,the court set up a compilation bureau to compile imperial geographies on the basis of the provisional materials reported by local governments and other works of all kinds.At this point,the system by which the prefectures sent up geographic materials was basically abolished,as imperial geographic knowledge moved from the production of official document-type texts to systematic knowledge production by a specific agency and specific personnel.

关 键 词：宋代 图经 九域图志 档案 系统知识 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]