海藻纤维素气凝胶:从绿潮到新材料  

Algal Cellulose Aerogel:From Environmental Problem (Green Tide) to Novel High-tech Materials

作　　者：赵卫[1] 卢芸[2] 欧阳欢[1] 闫小美[1] 潘若才[1] 杨东江[1] 佘希林[1] 李坚[2] 夏延致[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学化学化工与环境学院,纤维与现代纺织国家重点实验室,青岛266000 [2]东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院,生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《科技导报》2014年第4期34-39,共6页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31270590);<科技导报>"博士生创新研究资助计划"项目(kjdb2012006)

摘　　要：系统讨论了绿潮浒苔的独特结构和功能特性,旨在制备纳米纤丝化的海藻纤维素和高比表面积的气凝胶材料,并为浒苔的高价值应用提供新的思路。将绿潮肇事种浒苔化学纯化脱去多糖、蛋白、脂肪后,用圆盘胶磨(20000 r/min,20 min)进行纳米纤丝化,制备出均一直径(大约40 nm)和高长径比的Iα纳米纤丝化纤维素。经由叔丁醇置换和冷冻干燥后可以制备出高比表面积(277 cm2/g)、密度为23 mg/cm3的柔性纳米纤丝化纤维素气凝胶。所有这些结果通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行分析。在此基础上,采用机械法直接用胶体磨将浒苔原料进行纳米纤丝化,冷冻干燥后制备出全组分的浒苔泡沫材料。This paper discusses the special structure and properties of algal cellulose of Ulva prolifera from green tide for preparing nanofibrillated cellulose （NFC） and aerogels with a high specific surface area. Valuable applications of NFC are reviewed for developing novel applications of Ulva prolifera. NFC was prepared using a simple grinding treatment （20000 r/min, 20 min） after the removal of polysaccharide, ester acid, protein and salt. The obtained cellulose I, NFC had a uniform width of approximately 40 nm and a high aspect ratio. Grinding is an effective way to convert raw cellulose to nanofibrils. Furthermore, we also prepared flexible algal cellulose aerogel with a low density （23 mg/cm3） and a high specific surface area （277 cm2/g） after t-BuOH freeze-drying. It is also revealed that t-BuOH freeze-drying is an efficient way to assemble ID NFC to meso-porous materials. All these results were confirmed by SEM, FTIR spectra, and X-ray diffraction profiles. On the basis of that, Ulva prolifera was nanofabrillated without any chemical purification by direct grinding, and algal foam was prepared with freeze-drying to fully use algae from green tide.

关 键 词：纳米纤丝化 纤维素 海藻 气凝胶 泡沫 

分 类 号：O648.17[理学—物理化学]