北京市无偿献血人群病毒性肝炎的筛查结果分析  

Screening of viral hepatitis in Beijing unpaid blood donation

作　　者：张莉[1] 袁曜[2] 高峰[1] 陈瑜[1] 高占[1] 冷婵[1] 孙莉[3] 葛红卫[1] 戴云[2] 刘江[4] 

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心检验科,100088 [2]北京市红十字血液中心信息科,100088 [3]北京市红十字血液中心质量监督办公室,100088 [4]北京市红十字血液中心中心办公室,100088

出　　处：《北京医学》2014年第2期132-135,共4页Beijing Medical Journal

基　　金：北京市红十字血液中心中心级科研资助项目(BRCBC-2012-010)

摘　　要：目的 分析北京市区无偿献血者经血传播HBV、HCV的血清学及核酸标志物的筛查情况,为无偿献血的招募策略调整提供依据.方法 分析2007年1月1日至2011年12月31日北京市红十字血液中心无偿献血者乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）血清学及核酸的检测结果,按性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、献血方式、献血组织形式进行分层,回顾性调查分析各层5年之间的整体情况.结果 2007-2011年5年间北京市红十字血液中心共有1 065 177人次无偿献血,HBsAg和HCV筛查阳性率分别为0.36％ 、0.485％；男性的HBsAg携带率高于女性（P＜0.05）,但女性HCV的筛查阳性率明显高于男性（P＜0.05）,主要集中在≥40岁、农民和高中以下文化程度组.献血者中20～29岁年轻人所占比例最大,不同年龄组的筛查结果差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,HBsAg筛查阳性率随年龄增长而升高；除＜20岁年龄组外（0.66％）,HCV的筛查阳性率变化亦然.不同职业和文化程度献血人群的阳性率之间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,农民的不合格率最高（0.48％,0.73％）,高中以下人群的阳性率最高（0.44％,0.56％）,不同组织形式无偿献血者的筛查结果间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,团体无偿组的HCV阳性率最高（0.79％）.机采和全血的筛查阳性率差异无统计学意义.结论 献血者选择过程的质量控制是招募安全血源的重要环节,根据本地献血人群的实际,制定科学有效的招募策略,尽量选择较为安全的较高文化程度的年轻人和学生,鼓励并积极引导他们成为固定献血者.同时,积极探索更安全的血液检测模式以进一步保证血液安全.Objective To provide the basis for adjusting recruiting strategy of unpaid blood donors. Methods Serology and NAT test resuhs of HBsAg and HCV of unpaid donors during Jan 1st, 2007 to Dec 31th, 2011 in Beijing blood center were investigated, then the gender, age, occupation, educational level, way of blood donation and blood donation organization forms was carried out retrospectively. Results 1 065 177 unpaid donors were tested in the five years and the total positive rate of serological and （or） NAT of HBsAg and HCV was 0.360% and 0.485% respectively. The rate of HBsAg carrier of male was obviously higher than the female and that of the HCV was lower （P 〈 0.05）. The screening positive rate of HCV in female was mainly in the ＂40 or elder＇, ＂farmers＂ and ＂under high school＂ groups. The positive rate of HBsAg and HCV increased with the growth of age except for ＂〈 20＂ group for HCV, and 20-29 age group accounted for the largest proportion. The difference of positive rate of the two hepatitis testing projects among five professional crowds was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）, and ＂farmers＂ had the highest rate of positive rate. Similarly, there was statistical significant difference （P 〈 0.05） in different educational levels in which those ＂under the high school＂ group was the highest. There was no difference in the test positive rate of apheresis platelet and whole blood （P 〉 0.05）, yet there was statistic dif- ference （P 〈 0.05） in test positive rate among the three types of blood donation organization forms, the positive rate of HBsag of ＂Family replacement blood donation＂ group was the highest, and that of HCV was wined by ＂government quota blood donation＂ group. Conclusion Quality control of the donors＂ seleetion process is an important part of the recruitment of safe blood source. Higher educational level of young people and students should be selected and guided to become regular blood donors by developing scientific and effective recru

关 键 词：无偿献血者 病毒性肝炎 筛查阳性率 招募策略 

分 类 号：R512.6[医药卫生—内科学]